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Transcript
Cellular Structure Nucleus The control center of the cell (metabolism, protein synthesis) Nucleolus Dense region that contains DNA?RNA Synthesizes rRNA and ribosomes Cytoplasm The watery fluid which contains the materials which enter the cell. Dissolves things, supports cell structure. Organelles Intracellular structure that performs a specific function or group of functions. (cellular respiration, releasing energy) Mitochondria The “powerhouse” of the cell. They create food to obtain energy for cell activities. Produces 95% of ATP Matrix Substance/ space between cristae Cristae Lots of folds in mitochondria The cristae greatly increase the inner membrane's surface area. It is on these cristae that food (sugar) is combined with oxygen to produce ATP - the primary energy source for the cell. Ribosomes Makes proteins in the cell. “Protein factories”- aka. protein synthesis Contains RNA Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1. Synthesis 2. Storage 3. transport Smooth (SER) Lack ribosomes (smooth Rough (RER) Contain ribosomes (hence rough) Golgi Apparatus Package proteins for storage and secretion from the cell. Exocytosis, package particles (forms lysosomes) Lysosomes Digest worn out or unneeded cells and cell parts. Encloses the materials and bacteria in food vacuoles. Specialized Structures Organelles that are not common to all cells, therefore they are not necessary for the cell to operate. Microtubules Hollow tubes that give support and strength Centrosome The centrosome, also called the "microtubule organizing center", is an area in the cell where microtubles are produced. Cilia Hair-like microtubules attached to the plasma membrane that often help in movement Flagella A tail like structure used for movement Microvilli Extension/folding of membrane to help increase surface area. small extension of the cell surface of absorptive and secretory epithelial cells, such as kidney and intestinal cells. Plasma Membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell. It contains the cell contents and protects the cell. composed of lipids hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. Also called lipid bilayer. AKA: cell membrane Structure: Color Code Globular proteins: have a structural role as well as a role in transporting ions in and out the cell-they are rounded and compact. Receptor Proteins Receptor Proteins: are found in the bilayer, which deal with communication, recognition proteins and transport proteins that regulate the movement of water and soluble molecules through the membrane. In order to regulate the transport of molecules, there are two types of proteins in the cell: carrier proteins and transport proteins. The two types of transport proteins are channel and carrier protein. Transport is either active or passive. Hydrophobic “Dislike Water” Two fatty acid tails Hydrophilic “Likes Water” Non-lipid head The lipid tails will not associate with water molecules, and this allows the cell membrane to act as a physical barrier. The phospholipid bilayer also contains cholesterol, which makes the bilayer stronger, more flexible and more permeable. Carbohydrates & Lipids Are found on the outer surface of the cell and have 3 major roles: 1. important cell lubricants and adhesives 2. act as receptors for exracellular compounds 3. part of a recognition system that keeps the immune system from attacking its own tissues. Functions 1. Boundary between cell fluids 2. Selectively permeable 3. Communication