Download Cell Vocabulary

Cell Vocabulary
Cell-the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting
of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a
single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Microscope-an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or
animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times.
Cell theory- is a scientific theory which describes the properties of cells. These cells are the basic
unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction.
Cell wall- is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It
surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection.
Cell membrane- (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic)separates the interior of
all cells from the outside environment
Nucleus- a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure
bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Organelle- any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Ribosome- a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in
the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides
and proteins.
Cytoplasm- the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Mitochondrion- an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer
being folded inward to form layers
Endoplasmic reticulum- a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic
cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in
protein and lipid synthesis.
Golgi apparatus-(golgi body) a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of
most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Vacuole- a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically
containing fluid.
Chloroplast- (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis
takes place.
Lysosome- an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing enzymes enclosed in a
membrane.
Multicellular- (of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells.
Unicellular- (of protozoans, certain algae and spores, etc.) consisting of a single cell.
Tissue- any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of
specialized cells and their products
Organ- a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as
the heart or liver in humans.
Organ system- group of organs that work together to perform a major function