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Topic 7.2 Structure & Function of the Brain 7.2.1 brain Label the location of the principal structures of the Brain stem Diencephalon 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum Cerebellum 7.2.2 Label the location of the principal lobes of the cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Limbic lobe 7.2.3 Outline blood supply to the brain What goes in the brain? o Oxygen o Carbohydrates o Amino acids o Fats o Hormones o Vitamins What goes out of the brain? o Carbon dioxide o Ammonia o Lactate o Hormones For the brain to function it requires adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. These are supplied through a network of blood vessels. Blood is supplied to the brain by 2 sets of vessels o ____________________________________________________ o ____________________________________________________ Carotid arteries o External______________________________________________ o Internal______________________________________________ Brachiocephalic trunk - artery that supplies blood to right arm, head, and neck Blood-brain barrier o Protects the brain ____________________________________ that may injure the brain o Maintains a constant environment for the brain o Is a highly selective barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the CNS. 7.2.4 Describe the principal source of energy for brain cells Brain obtains energy using _____________________________________, which pass rapidly from the blood to the brain cells. ______________________________ helps to make ATP within the brain. CHO storage in the brain __________________________, so the supply of glucose must be continuous. If blood entering brain is low on glucose or oxygen, we can suffer: _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 7.2.5 Explain the function of the principal parts of the brain. Brain Stem o ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ o Acts as a vehicle for sensory information o Posterior part of brain adjoins the spinal cord o ____________________________________________________ Diencephalon o ____________________________________________________ o ____________________________________________________ Sensation – pain, temperature, pressure, cognition o ____________________________________________________ Control autonomic nervous system (ANS) Heart rate, blood pressure, pituitary gland, body temperature, appetite, thirst, fluid and electrolyte balance, circadian rhythms Cerebrum o Responsible for high level brain functions such as ____________________________________________________ o 3 broad processes: Sensory – receiving sensory impulses Association – interpreting and storing input, and initiating a response Motor – transmitting impulses to effectors Cerebral lobe functions LOBE FUNCTION Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Limbic Lobe limbic system often referred to as the “emotional brain” Cerebellum o ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ o Walnut shaped o Located at the top of the brain stem