Download 7.2 Student Notes

Topic 7.2
Structure & Function of the Brain
7.2.1
brain
Label the location of the principal structures of the
 Brain stem
 Diencephalon
 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
 Cerebellum
7.2.2
Label the location of the principal lobes of the cerebrum
 Frontal lobe
 Parietal lobe
 Occipital lobe
 Temporal lobe
 Limbic lobe
7.2.3
Outline blood supply to the brain
 What goes in the brain?
o Oxygen
o Carbohydrates
o Amino acids
o Fats
o Hormones
o Vitamins
 What goes out of the brain?
o Carbon dioxide
o Ammonia
o Lactate
o Hormones
 For the brain to function it requires adequate supply of oxygen and
nutrients. These are supplied through a network of blood vessels.
 Blood is supplied to the brain by 2 sets of vessels
o ____________________________________________________
o ____________________________________________________
 Carotid arteries
o External______________________________________________
o Internal______________________________________________
 Brachiocephalic trunk - artery that supplies blood to right arm, head, and
neck
 Blood-brain barrier
o Protects the brain ____________________________________
that may injure the brain
o Maintains a constant environment for the brain
o Is a highly selective barrier that separates the circulating blood from
the brain extracellular fluid in the CNS.
7.2.4
Describe the principal source of energy for brain cells
 Brain obtains energy using _____________________________________,
which pass rapidly from the blood to the brain cells.
 ______________________________ helps to make ATP within the brain.
 CHO storage in the brain __________________________, so the supply
of glucose must be continuous.
 If blood entering brain is low on glucose or oxygen, we can suffer:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
7.2.5
Explain the function of the principal parts of the brain.
 Brain Stem
o ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
o Acts as a vehicle for sensory information
o Posterior part of brain adjoins the spinal cord
o ____________________________________________________
 Diencephalon
o ____________________________________________________
o ____________________________________________________

Sensation – pain, temperature, pressure, cognition
o ____________________________________________________

Control autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Heart rate, blood pressure, pituitary gland, body temperature,
appetite, thirst, fluid and electrolyte balance, circadian
rhythms
 Cerebrum
o Responsible for high level brain functions such as
____________________________________________________
o 3 broad processes:

Sensory – receiving sensory impulses

Association – interpreting and storing input, and initiating a
response

Motor – transmitting impulses to effectors
Cerebral lobe functions
LOBE
FUNCTION
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Limbic Lobe
 limbic system often referred to as the “emotional brain”
 Cerebellum
o ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
o Walnut shaped
o Located at the top of the brain stem