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DNA CODES… Make sure that the mRNA actor does not see the code. 1. TAC GGG GGC TCT TTG TTC AAA ATC 2. TAC CAC CCA TCT CAG ATC 3. TAC AAA GGC TGA TTA ATC 4. TAC TAA GTT GTG TAG GTC GGT GTA ATC 5. TAC GGG GGC CGT CGG CGC ATC 6. TAC CGA GGC TCT CCT CCG TCT CCC ATC 7. TAC ATT TCC CTT ATG ATA AGT ATC 8. TAC GGG GGC CTT ACT ACG ATC 9. TAC AAT GGC TCT AAG TTC AAA ATC 10. TAC GGG GGC TCT TCG GGA ATC Protein Sentences – Codon Chart AAA your ACA stop AGA the AUA rock AAC study ACC have AGC best AUC band AAG of ACG funny AGG are AUG START AAU fair ACU not AGU Beatles AUU an CCC Biology CAC rubber CGC water CUC love CCA when CAA old CGA drink CUA I CCG is CAG breaks CGG every CUG roll CCU subject CAU pulled CGU day CUU music GGG future GAG genetic GCG fun GUG roll GGA door GCA so GUA a GAA all GGC to GAC learning GUC punches GCC much GGU with GAU and GCU education GUU never UUU life UCU informed UGU little UAU this UUA DNA UCA together UGA around UAA we UUC code UCC must UGC you UAC in UUG for UCG be UGG read UAG STOP Ribosome Instructions Codons are listed similar to the wheel we saw in your textbook. Although there are only 20 amino acids, there are more than twenty words listed. There is one start codon and only one stop codon (3 in real life). The codes on your card represent the codons found on the mRNA molecule. The words represent amino acids. Each sentence that you will form below represents a protein, each with a start and a stop. 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________ 6. ________________________________________________ 7. ________________________________________________ 8. ________________________________________________ 9. ________________________________________________ 10. ________________________________________________ Protein Syntences Activity: DNA is made of trillions of base codes. Out of the 46 strands of DNA that a normal person has, only 1% of it actually codes for proteins. Scientists are still trying to determine what the rest of the DNA is used for. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene. DNA is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Genes need to be TRANSCRIBED into an mRNA molecule. DNA will unwind and unzip to reveal the codes. The mRNA molecule is produced as a complementary strand to the DNA code and will travel out of the nucleus through a nuclear pore to a ribosome via the rough ER. The ribosome is the site where the code from the DNA is brought by the mRNA and is TRANSLATED one codon at a time by tRNA molecules that each carries a particular amino acid. The tRNA has a portion called an anticodon that matches up to the codon found on the mRNA molecule. The codon and the anticodon are groups of three nitrogen bases. As the tRNA molecules line up along the mRNA molecule, the amino acids that each carries will bond to each other by a peptide bond. The amino acids will separate from the tRNA molecule leaving the tRNA to grab another amino acid. The growing chain of amino acids is called a peptide and hopefully will eventually form a protein. Analysis Questions: 1. Which part that you played had the most difficult job? Why? 2. Why can’t the DNA molecules just come out of the nucleus to be read instead of going through all of these steps? 3. How do the sentences that you made relate to how an actual protein is made? 4. How can your DNA code for thousands of proteins using only 20 different amino acids?