Download Honors Biology Cell Structure and Transport Study

Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________
STUDY GUIDE: CELL DISCOVERY AND STRUCTURES
1. Match the scientist to their discovery/contributions to cytology; use each answer only once:
ANSWER
Year
Scientist
1595
Hans & Zacharias Janssen
1649
Macello Malpighi
1665
Robert Hooke
C. identified the cytoplasm in cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D. made first compound microscope
1833
Robert Brown
E. discovered that plants are made of living cells
1835
Felix Dujardin
F. discovered that animals are made of living cells
1838
Matthais Schleiden
G. first scientific use of microscope; viewed red blood cells flowing
1839
Theodor Schwann
H. identified the nucleus in cells
1855
Rudolph Virchow
I. discovered that cells divide to form new cells
1676-80
Discovery/Contribution
A. used a compound microscope to look at slivers of cork; coined
the term “cells”
B. ground lenses to precise focal points; viewed living organisms in
a drop of water; called them “animalcules”
2. State all parts of the “Cell Theory”, including the MODERN cell theory:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
3. Describe the functions of the following microscope parts:
a. Objectives:
b. Diaphragm:
c. Coarse Adjustment:
d. Fine Adjustment:
4. For each statement below, answer either (a) prokaryote (b) eukaryote or (c) both.
_____ No nucleus
_____ Plants & animals
_____ Membrane-bound organelles
_____ Bacteria
_____ Organelles
_____ Contain Golgi bodies
5. Compare and contrast the following:
a. a compound light microscope and an electron microscope:
b. a SEM and a TEM:
c. microscope magnification and microscope resolution:
6. Place the cell organelles below in the proper place to match their function (write the letter AND the organelle name in
the blank). Then, tell if the cell part is found in a plant cell, animal cell or both. Finally tell if the cell part can be found in a
prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell or both.
A. Cell Wall
E. Cytoplasm
I. Lysosomes
M. Plasma Membrane
Letter
CELL ORGANELLE
B. Centrioles
F. Endoplasmic Reticulum
J. Mitochondria
N. Ribosomes
C. Chloroplasts
G. Flagella
K. Nucleolus
O. Vacuoles
FUNCTION
A. Small, hair-like projections on the surface of some cells
that beat rhythmically to provide locomotion for protists and
move liquids along internal tissues for animals
B. Involved in energy conversion for the cell; a series of
chemical reactions occurs within its folded membranes
C. Involved in cell division; forms the spindle fibers
D. Jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular
building blocks as well as organelles in some cells
E. Contains the DNA of the cell
F. Surrounds the cell membrane in many cells; provides
support, protection and gives the cell its shape
G. Flexible boundary between the cell and its outside
environment
H. Long, slender appendage that serves as a an organ of
locomotion for some cells
I. Packages proteins and transports them to other organelles
J. Network of folded membranes; protein and lipid production
occurs inside this network (called the lumen).
K. Fluid filled sac that stores materials
L. Within the nucleus, this is the site where ribosomes are
produced
M. Converts solar energy to chemical energy; contains
chlorophyll
N. Links amino acids together to form proteins
O. Contains enzymes; breaks down substances for the cell;
defends the cell by breaking down invading bacteria
D. Cilia
H. Golgi Bodies
L. Nucleus
FOUND IN:
PLANT OR
ANIMAL CELL?
(or both)
FOUND IN:
PROK. OR EUK.
CELL?
(or both)
8. Match the terms below to the empty boxes in the picture below:
a. Carbohydrate Chain b. Cholesterol c. Cytoskeleton Proteins
d. Phospholipid
9. Describe the function of each of the following cell membrane components:
a. Cholesterol:
b. Phospholipids:
c. Membrane Transport Proteins:
d. Cytoskeleton protein filaments
e. Glycolipids/Glycoproteins:
10. Explain the phrase related to the cell membrane “selective permeability”:
11. Describe the “fluid mosaic model” of the cell membrane:
e. Protein
f. Protein Channel
CELL TRANSPORT
19. Getting molecules across the cell membrane:
Label the 3 empty boxes below with either: GATE PROTEIN, CHANNEL PROTEIN or CARRIER PROTEIN
Use the following choices to fill in below; answers may be used once, more than once or not at all
(a) GATE PROTEIN (b) CHANNEL PROTEIN (c) CARRIER PROTEIN
(d) all of these
_____ this membrane protein changes shape to fit the molecule moving in or out of the cell
_____ a “pore” in a cell membrane that allows for diffusion of molecules
_____ facilitates diffusion of large molecules that will not easily pass through the membrane
_____ a special type of channel protein that must be stimulated to open
20. Place check marks () in the boxes that apply and X marks in the ones that do not apply
Diffusion
Flows from high to low concentration
Water movement across a cell
membrane
Helped by membrane transport proteins
Builds up a concentration gradient
Selective transport
Flows in one direction
Requires energy
Sodium-potassium pumps in nerve cells
Osmosis
Active
Transport
Facilitated
Diffusion
21. Fill in the chart below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations.
Include sketches. Your explanations should include WHY the cell is changing and the overall RESULT!
Plant cell sketches
Animal cells sketches
Explanations
(WHY is the cell changing?)
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
22. Under each picture below, label as either “ENDOCYTOSIS” or “EXOCYTOSIS”:
The processes above can be observed in _____________cells.
a. prokaryotic
b. eukaryotic
23. Sketch a picture of and describe the processes of pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Fill in the blank: Both of the above processes are a form of _____________cytosis! (endo or exo)
c. both