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Transcript
Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________ STUDY GUIDE: CELL DISCOVERY AND STRUCTURES 1. Match the scientist to their discovery/contributions to cytology; use each answer only once: ANSWER Year Scientist 1595 Hans & Zacharias Janssen 1649 Macello Malpighi 1665 Robert Hooke C. identified the cytoplasm in cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek D. made first compound microscope 1833 Robert Brown E. discovered that plants are made of living cells 1835 Felix Dujardin F. discovered that animals are made of living cells 1838 Matthais Schleiden G. first scientific use of microscope; viewed red blood cells flowing 1839 Theodor Schwann H. identified the nucleus in cells 1855 Rudolph Virchow I. discovered that cells divide to form new cells 1676-80 Discovery/Contribution A. used a compound microscope to look at slivers of cork; coined the term “cells” B. ground lenses to precise focal points; viewed living organisms in a drop of water; called them “animalcules” 2. State all parts of the “Cell Theory”, including the MODERN cell theory: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. 3. Describe the functions of the following microscope parts: a. Objectives: b. Diaphragm: c. Coarse Adjustment: d. Fine Adjustment: 4. For each statement below, answer either (a) prokaryote (b) eukaryote or (c) both. _____ No nucleus _____ Plants & animals _____ Membrane-bound organelles _____ Bacteria _____ Organelles _____ Contain Golgi bodies 5. Compare and contrast the following: a. a compound light microscope and an electron microscope: b. a SEM and a TEM: c. microscope magnification and microscope resolution: 6. Place the cell organelles below in the proper place to match their function (write the letter AND the organelle name in the blank). Then, tell if the cell part is found in a plant cell, animal cell or both. Finally tell if the cell part can be found in a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell or both. A. Cell Wall E. Cytoplasm I. Lysosomes M. Plasma Membrane Letter CELL ORGANELLE B. Centrioles F. Endoplasmic Reticulum J. Mitochondria N. Ribosomes C. Chloroplasts G. Flagella K. Nucleolus O. Vacuoles FUNCTION A. Small, hair-like projections on the surface of some cells that beat rhythmically to provide locomotion for protists and move liquids along internal tissues for animals B. Involved in energy conversion for the cell; a series of chemical reactions occurs within its folded membranes C. Involved in cell division; forms the spindle fibers D. Jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks as well as organelles in some cells E. Contains the DNA of the cell F. Surrounds the cell membrane in many cells; provides support, protection and gives the cell its shape G. Flexible boundary between the cell and its outside environment H. Long, slender appendage that serves as a an organ of locomotion for some cells I. Packages proteins and transports them to other organelles J. Network of folded membranes; protein and lipid production occurs inside this network (called the lumen). K. Fluid filled sac that stores materials L. Within the nucleus, this is the site where ribosomes are produced M. Converts solar energy to chemical energy; contains chlorophyll N. Links amino acids together to form proteins O. Contains enzymes; breaks down substances for the cell; defends the cell by breaking down invading bacteria D. Cilia H. Golgi Bodies L. Nucleus FOUND IN: PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL? (or both) FOUND IN: PROK. OR EUK. CELL? (or both) 8. Match the terms below to the empty boxes in the picture below: a. Carbohydrate Chain b. Cholesterol c. Cytoskeleton Proteins d. Phospholipid 9. Describe the function of each of the following cell membrane components: a. Cholesterol: b. Phospholipids: c. Membrane Transport Proteins: d. Cytoskeleton protein filaments e. Glycolipids/Glycoproteins: 10. Explain the phrase related to the cell membrane “selective permeability”: 11. Describe the “fluid mosaic model” of the cell membrane: e. Protein f. Protein Channel CELL TRANSPORT 19. Getting molecules across the cell membrane: Label the 3 empty boxes below with either: GATE PROTEIN, CHANNEL PROTEIN or CARRIER PROTEIN Use the following choices to fill in below; answers may be used once, more than once or not at all (a) GATE PROTEIN (b) CHANNEL PROTEIN (c) CARRIER PROTEIN (d) all of these _____ this membrane protein changes shape to fit the molecule moving in or out of the cell _____ a “pore” in a cell membrane that allows for diffusion of molecules _____ facilitates diffusion of large molecules that will not easily pass through the membrane _____ a special type of channel protein that must be stimulated to open 20. Place check marks () in the boxes that apply and X marks in the ones that do not apply Diffusion Flows from high to low concentration Water movement across a cell membrane Helped by membrane transport proteins Builds up a concentration gradient Selective transport Flows in one direction Requires energy Sodium-potassium pumps in nerve cells Osmosis Active Transport Facilitated Diffusion 21. Fill in the chart below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations. Include sketches. Your explanations should include WHY the cell is changing and the overall RESULT! Plant cell sketches Animal cells sketches Explanations (WHY is the cell changing?) Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic 22. Under each picture below, label as either “ENDOCYTOSIS” or “EXOCYTOSIS”: The processes above can be observed in _____________cells. a. prokaryotic b. eukaryotic 23. Sketch a picture of and describe the processes of pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Fill in the blank: Both of the above processes are a form of _____________cytosis! (endo or exo) c. both