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Transcript
Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 Plant Biology Outline Chapter 3: Cells History of Cells • • First Scientist to observe a cell – Robert _________ (1665) – Looked at __________ – Saw little ‘__________’ or ‘__________’ Cell Theory – All organisms are _______________________________ – Cells are the __________________________ of living organism Modern Microscopes • ____________ Microscopes – • Uses ____________________ Electron Microscopes – _______________ (SEM) – _______________(TEM) Two Basic Types of Cells • Prokaryotes – Pro = – Bacteria & Archaea – No __________________________________ karyon = 1 Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 • Eukaryotes – Eu = – Animals, ___________, fungi, protists – Contains __________________________________ karyon = Cell Size • Cells are __________ – Usually _________________ – If bigger, exchange of ________________ would be too _______________ – __________________ year old giant redwood trees are multi-cellular & contain trillions of cells Cell Structure • • • Cell Wall – Structure in the _______________ surface of plant cells – Composed of polysaccharides (_____________) – Primary & secondary walls – Maintains ______________; ______________ balance Cell Membrane – Composed of _____________________ & _______________ – Flexible & ____________ – Allows _____________________ & ___________________of material Cytoplasm & Cytosol 2 Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 – Cytoplasm- all material & structures ______________ plasma membrane but ________________ region of DNA – • • Cytosol - _____________________________ of cytoplasm Plasmodesmata – ______________ between cells – form cytoplasmic ______________________ through walls of adjacent cells – Allow water, nutrients, and hormones to ____________________ from cell to cell Nucleus – ____________________ of the cell – Contains ____________ = codes with ___________________ used to construct material used by the cell – Nuclear _______________ small ______________ where small molecules pass through – Nucleolus contains ____________ & ____________ – Chromatin ____________ wrapped around ____________ • Ribosomes – Tiny ‘dots’ composed of ____________ & ____________ – ____________: where proteins are made 1. ____________ -- found inside cytosol 2. ____________ -- attached to ER & nucleus 3 Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 • ER, vesicle, & dictyosomes – Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) _____________ (with ribosomes) _____________ (without ribosomes) – Functions: Synthesis of ____________ & ____________ Metabolism of ___________________ – Vesicles Transfer __________________ that carry material between )))))))))))) – Dictyosomes (Golgi) _____________________ membranous sacs (pita bread) in charge of ____________, ____________, & ____________ products • Plastids – _____________ containers for various molecules – Chloroplasts store ________________ (Site of _______________________) ________________--contain chlorophyll ________________--fluid of chloroplast ________________-- – pigment Chromoplast store other pigments (yellow,/orange/red) ________________pigments; ________________pigments – Leucoplasts store _____________ 4 Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 • • Mitochondria – Site of _________________________ – Release _____________from food – _____________–space inside inner membrane – _____________–folds of inner membrane Central Vacuole – – Large ______________ structure • Stores ___________ • Stores sugars, salts, organic acids, proteins • Stores ___________ ___________pressure • • the pressure of water pushing cytoplasm against _______________ Cytoskeleton – Network of ______________ extending through the cytoplasm • Microtubules (______________) • Microfilaments (______________) Cell Division • Cell Cycle – ___________________ of events from one cell division to next 5 Algiers, K Fall 2009 AGV03/BIOLV23 • ___________________ = When not dividing Growth (G1, G2) DNA Replication (S) • • ___________________ =4 phases of cell division Mitosis – Cell division to produce cells of ____________________ 1. ______________ chromosomes become ______________ nuclear envelope ______________ nucleolus ______________ 2. ______________ Chromosomes align in ______________ 3. ______________ Sister chromatids ______________ 4. ______________ new _____________________ form chromosomes become __________ ___________________ occurs (__________________ forms) Review Game? Read the Chapter using your notes; Make sure you know the key words (bold words) 6
