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Protein Synthesis Study Guide
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1. Explain the central dogma of biology.
2. Define transcription.
3. What is the full name of RNA?
4. What nucleotides are found in RNA?
5. Where in the eukaryotic cell does transcription take place?
6. What are the differences between DNA and RNA (include at least 3 differences)?
7. What are the differences between replication and transcription (include at least 3 differences)?
8. Draw a picture and explain the three steps of transcription in eukaryotic cells.
9. List the three types of RNA molecules, their structures & their functions.
10. If a DNA segment has the nucleotides AGCCTAA, what would be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary
RNA strand?
11. Why does DNA need to be made into mRNA for translation to occur?
Translation
12. Define Translation.
13. What is a codon?
14. Are codons found on DNA strands, mRNA strands, or tRNA strands?
15. What does a codon code for?
16. What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
17. Use the codon table on your homework to determine the amino acid sequence for this strand of mRNA.
CCCGAUGACCAAAGAUGGCGGAUUCGUUUGUUGAUGGCGUCGA
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Write the anticodons complementary to the strand from question #24.
What is an anticodon? Where are they found?
What is a reading frame?
What happens if the reading frame is changed?
Breifly explain common language.
Explain the role of the ribosome during protein synthesis. What are the parts of the ribosome, and what does each
part do?
Explain the role of tRNA molecules during translation?
Draw a picture, with labels, of a tRNA molecule.
Draw a picture and explain the three steps of translation.
What type of bond is formed between the amino acids in the protein that is being made during translation?
If a tRNA molecule has the anticodon AGU, what amino acid would it carry?
What is the sequence of amino acids in the protein that is made from the DNA strand below?
CCCTAGTACTTTCAGTGTGTGATCAGT
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Where in the eukaryotic cell does translation take place?
What stops translation?
Explain how the interaction between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons codes for a specific amino acid.
What is the purpose of transcription and translation?
What happens to the protein after it is made in translation?