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49 Name Date Period RNA and Protein Synthesis Review VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. messenger RNA ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. transfer RNA _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3. transcription __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. codon ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5. translation ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6. anticodon _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. ___Ribose is a type of: a. nitrogen-containing base b. amino acid c. sugar d. enzyme 2. ___In RNA, thymine is replaced by: a. adenine b. guanine c. cytosine d. uracil 3. ___The type of RNA that carries the instructions for making a protein is called: a. mRNA b. pRNA c. rRNA d. tRNA 4. ___In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the: a. ribosomes b. nucleus c. nuclear membrane d. cytosol 5. ___A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of: a. amino acids b. RNA nucleotides c. fatty acids d. DNA nucleotides. 6. ___During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary: a. nucleotide sequence in DNA b. tRNA molecule c. mRNA codon d. protein molecule. SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Describe three ways that RNA differs from DNA. 2. How is information about making proteins transmitted from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis? 3. What would be the nucleotide sequence of the RNA that is transcribed from DNA with a nucleotide sequence G-C-T-A-A-T-C-C-G? 4. List, in order, the tRNA anticodons that are complementary to the mRNA sequence AUGCAUGCAAGUUAG. How many amino acids will be in the polypeptide that is initially formed when this mRNA sequence is translated? 5. Explain why methionine is the first amino acid in every growing polypeptide. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. The diagram below summarizes the events that occur during translation.