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• Chapter 5
The cell
(pp. 126–131)
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1. Look at the following illustration.
a) What three cell components are visible under a light (optical) microscope?
 Cell membrane.
 Cytoplasm.
 Nucleus.
2. Cell organelles allow a cell to perform various functions.
a) What organelles produce energy in the cell?
Mitochondria.
b) What organelles are responsible for digesting certain
nutrients?
Lysosomes.
c) What organelle packages material inside the cell?
Golgi apparatus.
d) What organelle transports material produced by the cell
from one place to another inside the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum.
3. What is the difference between DNA, genes and genome?
 DNA is a molecule shaped like a double helix.
 Genes are segments of DNA.
 A genome is the complete set of genetic information of an individual or species.
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4. What is the function of genes?
Genes contain the genetic information required to manufacture proteins, each of which has a specific
job to carry out.
5. Complete the following DNA sequence.
G
A
G
C
G
A
Cell division (pp. 131–135)
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2
T
6. Give three reasons why cells divide.
 To increase the organism’s cell count (growth).

 To replace damaged or broken tissue (regeneration).

 To make sexual reproduction possible.

7. What are the two types of cell division?
 Mitosis.
 Meiosis.
8. Some human cells are said to be diploid while others are said to be haploid.
a) What distinguishes a diploid cell from a haploid cell?
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A diploid cell possesses two sets of chromosomes while a haploid cell contains only one set
of chromosomes.
b) How many chromosomes does a human diploid
23 pairs of chromosomes.
cell contain?
c) How many chromosomes does a human
haploid cell contain?
23 chromosomes.
9. What kind of cells are formed during meiosis?
Gametes (male or female).
10. Look at the two following illustrations. They show a simplified version of the types of cell
division.
Name the type of division represented in a) and in b), then explain your answer.
a)
Type of division:
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Meiosis.
Explanation:
The daughter cells are haploids.
b)
Type of division:
Two successive mitosis.
Explanation:
In each case, the daughter cells are diploids.
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11. Answer the following questions.
a) What does a cell do when it is not dividing?
It performs various functions to ensure the organism is in good working order.
b) Why do cells replicate their DNA?
So that each daughter cell can have a complete copy of DNA.
c) What is a gamete?
A gamete is a haploid cell (or sex cell).
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Cellular specialization
(pp. 136–139)
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12. Look at the illustration at right. It presents
various tissues found in the arm.
a) Name each type of tissue indicated
in the illustration.
b) Indicate one function for each type
of tissue.
NAME OF TISSUE
FUNCTION OF TISSUE
A
Epithelial tissue
Protects other tissues.
B
Nerve tissue
Receives and transmits information.
C
Muscle tissue
Produces movement.
D
Connective tissue
Supports other tissues.
(bone tissue)
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13. What is a system?
A system is a group of organs and tissues working together to accomplish a common function in the body.
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14. Each of the following statements describes one of the body’s vital functions. In each case,
name the system that manages this function.
a) Eating well is important to keep our
bodies healthy.
Digestive system.
b) Nutrients carried by red blood cells provide
energy for our cells.
Cardiovascular system.
c) When we urinate, we eliminate certain waste
products.
Excretory system.
d) Our sense of smell allows us to distinguish
various odours.
Nervous system.
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