Download Topic 3 and 8 Sample Multiple Choice Questions

Review Packet 3
1.
Topic 4 and 10 Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Crossing over occurred between two genes at a high frequency. It is valid to
conclude that they must be:
a. on the same chromosome and quite far apart
b. located on different chromosomes
c. on the same chromosome and quite close together
d. held together by weak linkages
2.
A test cross (back cross) is used to find out whether an individual is heterozygous or
homozygous. This must be performed with an individual of the same species that is:
a. heterozygous for the same trait
b. homozygous dominant for the same trait
c. homozygous recessive for the same trait
d. heterozygous for a complementary trait
3.
Genetic counseling is used to
a. prevent children with genetic disease from being born
b. find what the ratio of genotypes in the offspring will be
c. help parents to care for children with genetic diseases
d. explain to parents the probability of a child inheriting a disease
The diagram below shows structures found in a eukaryotic cell. It refers to the next two questions
4.
Which of the following is correct?
a. I and II are homologous chromosomes
b. I and II have the same gene loci but not the same alleles
c. DNA replication is about to occur
d. IV represents a chiasma
5.
The material in area V contains
a. anticodons for one or more polypeptides
b. chromatin that contains protein
c. histones that code for tRNA
d. DNA that codes for rRNA
6.
An animal cell has a diploid number of 10. How many chromatids are present in
each cell during metaphase of the second meiotic division?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40
7.
In humans, the formation of spermatozoa is stimulated by
a. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
b. LH (ICSH, luteinising hormone)
c. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
d. GH (growth hormone)
8.
A mother with blood type O Rh+ gives birth to child with blood type A Rh-. The blood
type of the father
a. must be A
b. must be Rhc. could be O Rhd. could be AB Rh+
A chromosome mapping exercise was carried out to identify the relative position of three genes
(I,II,and III). The experiments gave the results in the table below. It refers to the next question.
Cross between
I and II
I and III
II and III
Total number of
individuals produced
50
120
200
Number of recombinants
produced
20
6
40
9.
From this data the most likely sequence of the genes is
a. II
III
I
b. I
II
III
c. III
II
I
d. II
I
III
10.
What would be the likely phenotypes of the children from a mother who is a carrier of
haemophilia, and a normal father?
a. all of the sons would be haemophiliac and all of the daughters carriers
b. half of the offspring would be normal and half would be carriers of haemophilia
c. half of the sons would be haemophiliac and all of the daughters carriers
d. half of the sons would be haemophiliac and half of the daughters carriers
11.
Evidence that alleles are not all dominant or recessive is given by
a. the inheritance of colour-blindness
b. the inheritance of ABO blood groups
c. the existence of linked genes
d. the process of allele mutation
12.
A heterozygous dihybrid parent is crossed with a homozygous dihybrid recessive in a
test cross. Which ratio of phenotypes among the offspring would show linkage and
crossing over/
a. 7:1:1:7
b. 1:1:1:1
c. 1:1
d. 9:3:3:1
The pedigree below refers to the next two questions
13.
The condition is most likely due to
a. a dominant allele
b. a recessive allele
c. a combination of two genes acting together
d. a mutation that occurs every generation
14.
If female X in the pedigree above mates with a male that has the same genotype as
her ‘grandfather’ (for this gene), the
a. all the offspring would show the dominant trait
b. all the offspring would show the recessive trait
c. all the offspring would be carriers
d. half the offspring would be phenotypically dominant and half phenotypically
recessive
The diagram below shows the arrangement of genes on two chromosomes. It refers to the next
question
15.
The configuration shown in the diagram results from
a. an inversion
b. a deletion
c. a translocation
d. a disjunction
The table below refers to the next question
Species
Total genome content
/DNAbase pairs x 109
human
3.5
Fritillaria
130.0
(a flowering plant)
Percentage of DNA coding
for protein or RNA
28
0.02
16.
From this data it can be concluded that
a. humans have a larger genome than Fritillaria
b. Fritillaria has more chromosomes than humans
c. Fritillaria has more genes than humans
d. humans have more DNA coding for proteins or RNA than Fritillaria
17.
Which of the following is necessary for cutting DNA in genetic engineering technology?
a. heat
b. endonuclease
c. plasmid
d. ligase
18.
Chromosomes, genes and alleles
a. usually occur in pairs in diploid cells
b. are the same in all individuals of the species
c. are made of DNA and protein
d. can be distinguished from each other by staining
19.
Which event occurs during meiosis?
a. formation of male and female gametes
b. nucleolus formation
c. pairing of homologous chromosomes
d. DNA replication
20
Haemophilia (hemophilia) is an example of sex-linkage. Two parents (neither of
whom had haemophilia) had a haemophiliac son. The woman is pregnant again.
What is the probability of the second child suffering from haemophilia?
a. 100% if it is a boy
b. 50% if it is a boy
c. 50% if it is a girl
d. 100% if it is a girl
20.
A human gene has two common alleles. One allele P is dominant over the recessive
allele p. Embryos which are homozygous for the dominant allele, die in the uterus
and are absorbed by the endometrium during the early part of pregnancy. What
would the expected ratio of phenotypes for this gene be, for the live offspring of a
heterozygous man and a heterozygous woman?
a. 2:1
b. 3:1
c. 1:1
d. 4:1
21.
The phenotype shown in III and IV in the pedigree must be caused by
I
a.
b.
c.
d.
22.
II
III
IV
homozygous recessive alleles
dominant alleles
co-dominant alleles
sex-linked alleles
Crossing over studies with the fruit fly Drosophila have been used to
a. identify mutant strains
b. prove Mendel’s Second Law (Law of Independent Assortment)
c. locate the relative position of linked genes
d. analyse data from monohybrid breeding experiments
A skin cell of an organism has 28 chromosomes. How many chromatids are there in
a cell of the same organism during prophase I of meiosis?
a. none
b. 14
c. 28
d. 56
23.
The information below, concerning genetics, refers to the next question
In a given species of fly, straight wing (s+) is dominant to curled wing (s), and red eye (r+) is
dominant to brown eye (r). A cross between genotypes r+rs+s and rrss gives the following
results:
25% red eyed, straight wings
25% brown eyed, straight wings
These results illustrate
a. independent assortment
b. linkage
c. crossing over
d. codominance
24.
25.
25% red eyed, curled wings
25% brown eyed, curled wings
Which techniques of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) require the use
of plasmids?
I. Gene Therapy
II. DNA Profiling
III.Gene transfer by gene cloning
a.
b.
c.
d.
26.
I and II only
II and III only
I and III only
I, II and III
What is the function of a plasmid?
a. the site of respiration in prokaryotes
b. the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
c. the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
d. the site of hereditary material in prokaryotes
27.
The fur color of a cat is sex-linked. The allele for black fur is codominant with the
allele for ginger fur, producing fur which is tortoiseshell (or calico) in color. Which fur
color can only be found in female cats?
a. Black
b. Ginger
c. Tortoiseshell (calico)
d. None of the above colors
28.
A mutation results in a change in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule, as
illustrated below.
Normal DNA:
ACCTGCATTG
Mutated DNA:
ACGCTGCATTG
What is this type of mutation?
a. insertion
b. substitution
c. inversion
d. deletion
29.
The pedigree chart below shows a family affected by brachydactyly. This is a hereditary
condition which results in short hands and feet. It is caused by a dominant allele.
What is the chance that the first child of individuals I and II will be normal?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 100%
30.
In 1993 a team of German scientists investigated the genetic relationships between
skeletons of family members who had died between 1546 and 1749. This involved
extracting the DNA from the bones, amplifying it, cutting it with enzymes to remove a
gene and analyzing the size of the gene by separating the pieces of DNA of different
sizes. What is this technique called?
a. gene expression
b. DNA profiling
c. gene therapy
d. gene transfer
31.
The chromosomes of a person can be analyzed by photographing stained, dividing cells.
The pictures of the chromosomes are then cut out and arranged by size, shape and
staining patterns. What is this technique called?
a. chromatography
b. gel electrophoresis
c. polymerase chain reaction
d. karyotyping
32.
The diagram below shows the cell of an organism going through the first division of
meiosis.
What is the number of different combinations possible for these chromosomes in the
haploid cells formed by meiosis?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 8
d. 9
33.
Which enzymes are needed to produce recombinant plasmids that are used in gene
transfer?
a. DNA polymerase and ligase
b. DNA polymerase and restriction enzymes
c. Restriction enzymes and ligase
d. Helicase and restriction enzymes
34.
The diagram below is a karyotype of a human.
Which statement about the karyotype is correct?
a. Non-disjunction has occurred and the individual is female
b. Non-disjunction has not occurred and the individual is a female
c. Non-disjunction has occurred and the individual is male
d. Non-disjunction has not occurred and the individual is male
35.
A woman who is heterozygous for color blindness marries a man who is color blind.
What is the probability they will have a color blind child?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 100%
36.
A cell with a diploid number of 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What will be the
product at the end of meiosis?
a. 2 cells each with 12 chromosomes
b. 4 cells each with 6 chromosomes
c. 2 cells each with 6 chromosomes
d. 4 cells each with 12 chromosomes
Use the information below to answer questions 37 and 38.
The following is a DNA gel. The results are from a single probe showing a DNA profile for a man,
a woman and their four children.
37.
Which fragment of DNA is the smallest?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
38.
Which child is least likely to be the biological offspring of the father?
a. Child 1
b. Child 2
c. Child 3
d. Child 4
39.
A parent organism of unknown genotype is mated in a test cross. Half of the offspring
have the same phenotype as the parent. What can be concluded from this result?
a. the parent is heterozygous for the trait
b. the trait being inherited is polygenic
c. the parent is homozygous dominant for the trait
d. the parent is homozygous recessive for the trait
40.
What is the initial purpose of sequencing the humane genome?
a. to determine the order of genes in a chromosome
b. to determine the number of genes in the nucleus
c. to determine the order of bases in DNA
d. to determine the type of chromosomes in offspring
41.
A couple has four children whose blood types are A, B, and AB. What is the likely
combination of the parents’ genotypes?
a. IAi and IBi
b. IAi and IBIB
c. IBi and ii
d. IAi and ii
42.
What are homologous chromosomes?
a. a pair of chromosomes which carry alleles of the same genes
b. a pair of chromosomes which are associated with the sex of an individual
c. a pair of chromosomes connected at the centromere
d. a pair of identical DNA molecules
43.
How many genotypes can be made from a gene which has three alleles?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
44.
What is copied by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
a. polypeptides
b. polysaccharides
c. polynucleotides
d. polyunsaturated fatty acids
45.
A woman who is a carrier of hemophilia marries a man who is not affected. What are the
possible genotypes of their children?
a. XHXh, XHXH, XHY, XhY
b. XHXh, XHXH, XHYh, XHYH
c. XHXh, XhXh, XHYh, XhYh
d. XHXh, XhXh, XHY, XhY
Topic 4 and 10 Sample Data Base and Essay Questions
1.
Question 1 (M97/410/S(3))
a. i.
Describe the process of gene mutation and include the factors that affect the
mutation rate.
(7 marks)
ii.
Explain, using examples, the possible effects of gene mutation on living
organisms.
(7 marks)
b. State two examples of conditions in humans that are caused by a chromosome
mutation and explain how these chromosome mutations occur
(6 marks)
2.
Question 8 (M97/410/H(3))
a.
Explain the differences between the cells produced by the first division of
meiosis in human males and females.
(4 marks)
b.
Compare the structure of male and female gametes immediately before
fertilization
(6 marks)
c.
Describe the process of fertilization and the events that lead up to implantation
(10 marks)
Question 11 (M97/410/H(3))
a.
Describe carefully the stages in one of Mendel’s experiments, in which
independent assortment of genes was demonstrated.
(8 marks)
b.
Explain why some genes do no assort independently
(6 marks)
c.
Describe briefly the inheritance of haemophilia in humans
(6 marks)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Question 8 (N97/410/H(3))
a.
i. Explain how sex is determined at fertilisation, in mammals. Illustrate
your answer with a diagram.
(4 marks)
b.
i. Discuss the sex-linkage of genes in humans.
(7 marks)
ii. Name three examples of human traits that are sex-linked.
(4 marks)
c.
Describe briefly, how sex-linked genes in Drosophila could be mapped
(4 marks)
Question 11 (N97/410/H(3))
a.
Explain when meiosis takes place in the life cycle of a flowering plant and where
it occurs in the plant.
(5 marks)
b.
Describe the events that take place during prophase I of meiosis
(9 marks)
Question 3 (Specimen/410/H(2))
In humans the blood groups A, B, AB and O are determined by three alleles of an
autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. Alleles IA and IB are codominant and allele i recessive.
The phenotypes of some individuals in the pedigree below are shown.
a.
b.
Explain the conclusions that can be drawn about the genotypes of the
individuals in the pedigree in generations 2 and 3.
(3 marks)
Explain to which blood groups the parents of the blood group O female in the
pedigree could have belonged.
(3 marks)
7.
Ques 4 (N02(H(2))
a. Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the behavior of chromosomes in the different
phases of meiosis. [5]
b. Explain how meiosis and fertilization can give rise to genetic variety. [6]
c. Compare the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. [7]
8.
Ques 3 (M04(S(2))
a. Define the term co-dominance. [1]
b. A man of blood type AB and a woman of blood type B are expecting a baby. The
woman’s mother had blood type O. Deduce the possible phenotypes of the offspring
from the cross shown below. [4]
9.
Ques 2 (M04/H(2))
In Zea mays, the allele for colored seed (C) is dominant over the allele for colorless seed
(c). The allele for starchy endosperm (W) is dominant over the allele for waxy
endosperm (w). Pure breeding plants with colored seeds and starchy endosperm were
crossed with pure breeding plants with colorless seeds and waxy endosperm.
a. State the genotype and the phenotype of the F1 individuals produced as a result of
this cross. [2]
b. The F1 plants were crossed with plants that had the genotype c c w w. Calculate the
expected ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation, assuming that there is
independent assortment. Use the space below to show your working. [3]
The observed percentages of phenotypes in the F2 generation are shown below.
Colored starchy
Colored waxy
37%
16%
colorless starchy
colorless waxy
14%
33%
The observed results differ significantly from the results expected on the basis of
independent assortment.
c.
State the name of a statistical test that could be used to show that the observed and
the expected results are significantly different. [1]
d. Explain the reasons for the observed results of the cross differing significantly from
the expected results. [2]
10.
Ques 6 (M05(H2)TZ1)
a. Define the terms gene and allele and explain how they differ. [4]
b. Outline one example of inheritance involving multiple alleles. [5]
c. Using an example you have studied, explain a cross between two linked genes,
including the way in which recombinants are produced. [9]