Download AP Biology Chapter 18, 19, 27 Study Guide Chapter 18: Regulation

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AP Biology
Chapter 18, 19, 27 Study Guide
Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression
1. Draw and label an operon. Explain the function of the operator, regulatory gene, inducer, repressor,
and corepressor.
2. Compare and contrast the trp operon and the lac operon.
3. What is differential gene expression?
4. At which stages can gene expression be regulated? Which is the most commonly regulated stage?
5. Explain how histone acetylation and DNA methylation regulate gene expression.
6. Draw and label a typical eukaryotic gene. What is required to activate transcription of eukaryotic
genes?
7. Explain the 3 processes involved in zygote transformation.
8. Define the following terms:
a. Cytoplasmic determinants
b. Cell-cell signals
c. Induction
d. Determination
e. Pattern formation
f.
Homeotic genes
9. Define oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes.
10. How are the ras gene and the p53 gene involved in cancer cells?
Chapter 19: Viruses
11. Draw and label the structure of a bacteriphage vs. an animal virus.
12. What determines the host range of a virus?
13. Explain the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of a phage. Which cycle has a
temperate phage? Which cycle has a virulent phage?
14. Explain how a retrovirus (such as HIV) functions.
15. Explain the difference between a virus and a viroid.
16. What is a prion? How is it transmitted? What types of disease can it cause?
Chapter 27: Bacteria
17. What mechanisms contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes?
18. Compare and contrast transformation, transduction and conjugation in bacteria.