Download Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of

Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and
the changes of organisms over time.
3.01: Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication, Protein Synthesis
(transcription and translation), and gene regulation.
1. Compare RNA and DNA in the following table.
RNA
DNA
Sugars
Bases
Strands
Where
In Cell
Function
2. Where is DNA located within a prokaryotic cell? ______________________
Where is DNA located within a eukaryotic cell? _______________________
3. Name the nitrogen bases found in DNA and which bases pair together.
4. Name the nitrogen bases found in RNA and which bases pair together.
5. What does the sequence of nucleotides (nitrogen bases) determine?
Below is a strand of DNA. Use for questions 6 -9.
6. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix – what nitrogen bases need to be added to complete this
double helix? Give the complementary nucleotide sequence. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
7. Describe the structure of DNA.
a. What are the black pentagons? ___________
b. What are the nitrogen bases? ____________
c. What weak bonds hold the complementary bases together? ________________________
8. If the strand of DNA above undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?
9. After translation, what would the amino acid sequence
be for this section of mRNA? (read from right to left)
10. What is a codon?
11. What kind of bond holds the amino acids together in
the protein that is formed?
12. During DNA replication, what enzyme breaks apart
the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases?
13. During DNA replication, how many pieces of DNA are made?
What does the term semi-conservative mean?
14. What is the end result of DNA replication?
15. When does DNA replication occur during the cell cycle?
16. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
Why is it important that these bonds be weak?
17. List the 3 types of RNA and explain their functions.
18. What is the process of transcription? Where
does transcription occur within a cell?
19. What is the process of translation? Where
does translation occur within a cell?
20. What happens to DNA when a mutation
occurs?
a. How does this affect the mRNA?
b. How can this affect translation?
c. How does this affect the structure and
shape of the resulting protein?