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Genetics Unit Study Guide – Part One Name_____________________________Date____________________Class ___________ Directions: Circle the one word in bold that best completes the sentence. ************************************************************************************** 1. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called heredity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. The study of heredity is called genetics. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Sperm cells and egg cells are called sex cells. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Chromosomes are fine thread-like structures in the cell’s nucleus that control heredity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A gene is part of the chromosome that controls inherited traits. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. An organism is said to be homozygous, or a purebred if it has two like genes for the same trait. -------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Organisms that have two unlike traits are heterozygous or hybrids for that trait. -------------------------------------------------------------------------8. The gene that always shows itself is the dominant gene. -------------------------------------------------------------------------9. The hidden gene is called the recessive gene. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A Punnett Square is a chart used to show possible gene combinations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. Incomplete dominance is when no allele is completely dominant over the other. Ex.: red and white flowers that produce pink offspring. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. When both alleles of a gene are expressed it’s called codominance. Ex.: when a black chicken and a white chicken produce black and white offspring ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. X and Y chromosomes determine gender. For example, XX is female. XY is male. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. Human traits are determined by 23 pairs of chromosomes. ----------------------------------------------------------------------15. Sex-link disorders are hereditary disorders like hemophilia and color blindness that are passed down from parents to offspring. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 16. Women who have one normal gene and one gene for a sex-linked disorder are said to be carriers of the disorder. -------------------------------------------------------------------------17. Scientists study the traits of past generations to predict the traits of future offspring. One way they do this is by making a pedigree which is a chart similar to a family tree. -------------------------------------------------------------------------18. A disease that is caused by an abnormal gene passed down from a parent is called an inherited disease. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. A mutation is a change in the genetic material of an organism. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. Mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits is called controlled breeding. -------------------------------------------------------------------------20. Today, new organisms can be made in a laboratory and an organism’s DNA may be changed. The methods used to produce new forms of DNA are called genetic engineering. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2