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CP Bio Cells & Cell Transport Test Review
Cell Organelles & Functions
1. Complete the chart below for all of the organelles.
Organelle
Function
Cell Membrane
Regulates the passage of material in and out of the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell, contains the DNA
Chloroplast
Organelle in plant cells that converts light energy into chemical energy
(sugar)
Cytoplasm
Water/jelly like substance found in all cells. This is where most chemical
reactions take place.
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Cell Wall
Extra protection for plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.
Mitochondria
Where energy (ATP) is produced for the cell. Known as the powerhouse of
the cell.
Golgi Body
Post-office for the cell because it processes, sorts, and packages material for
export.
Nuclear Membrane/Envelope
Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus
Vacuole
Stores water for the cell. Plant cells have one large central. Animal cells
small and numerous.
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Transports membrane and secretory proteins inside of a cell from the
nucleus to the Golgi Body via transport vesicles.
Nucleolus
Where RNA is made
1. List the 4 structures that are common to all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic), and define their
function.
1. DNA: Holds genetic (hereditary) info
2. Cytoplasm: water in a cell where all chemical reactions take place
3. Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis (making proteins)
4. Plasma/Cell Membrane: border around a cell that controls the passage of material in and out
of a cell.
2. Why are prokaryotic cells so much smaller than eukaryotic cells? (What are prokaryotic cells missing?
Give a few examples)
Prokaryotic cells are so much smaller than eukaryotic cells because they do not have membrane
bound organelles like a nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi body etc. Because they do not have these parts they do
not need the space therefore they can be smaller.
3. Based on your answer to number 2, why is it okay for prokaryotic cells to be so small (aka: how can
they still function)?
Because they are small they do not need organelles to help them transport molecules around in the cell.
They can quickly move material in and out without all the special organelles. They have to be small if they do not
have the parts inside to allow them to be big.
4. Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest:
organism, tissue, organelle, cell, organ, organ system
Organelle  Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism
5. List the 3 parts of the cell theory.
1. All living things are made of 1 or more cells.
2. Cells only come from other cells.
3. The cell is the most basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
6. Use the terms cell membrane, rough ER, Golgi Body, transport vesicle, and secretory vesicle to
describe how proteins are made in a cell, then leave a cell. You may draw a picture and number the steps
if you would prefer.
Membrane and Secretory proteins are made on a ribosome on the Rough ER, from there they go
into a transport vesicle, and drive over to the Golgi body where they are processed, sorted, and packaged
into secretory vesicles. From there, the secretory vesicles move to the cell membrane when they merge
with the cell membrane and push the proteins out through exocytosis.
Cell Transport
1. What is a concentration gradient? A concentration gradient determines based on the concentration of
substances, which way molecules will move.
2. Explain passive transport, and then match the three forms of passive transport to their proper
definitions.
A. Passive Transport is: A form of cell transport in which molecules move down their concentration
gradient from a higher to a lower concentration of molecules. This form of transport does NOT require
ATP (energy) from the cell.
The three types are:
1. Diffusion ___C___
2. Osmosis ____B___
3. Facilitated Diffusion ___A______
A. Some molecules like glucose and large
proteins are too big to get across the
phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
so they need a HELPER. The helper is a
carrier protein in the cell membrane that
allows these large particles to move into a
cell. This requires no ATP and molecules
still move from a higher concentration level
to a lower concentration level.
B. This is the diffusion of water. Requires no
ATP from the cell and moves water from
where it is found in a higher concentration
to a lower concentration.
C. When molecules spread from an area of
where they are found to be in a higher
concentration to an area where they are
found in a lower concentration. (Food
coloring spreading out in water, or iodine
moving into the dialysis tubing).
3. Explain active transport, and then match the three forms of active transport to their proper
definitions.
A. Active transport is: A form of cell transport in which molecules move against their concentration
gradient from a lower to a higher concentration of molecules. This form of transport DOES require
ATP (energy) from the cell.
The three types of active transport and their definitions are:
1. Endocytosis ___B____
2. Exocytosis ____A____
4. Sodium Potassium Pump ____C___
A. When solid particles or liquids are
pushed OUT of a cell, this requires
energy (ATP) for a cell to move
molecules this way.
B. When solid particles or liquids are
brought IN to a cell, this requires energy
(ATP) for a cell to move molecules this
way.
C. This form of transport uses a protein in
the cell membrane that pumps three
sodium (Na) ions out of the cell and in
exchange pulls two potassium (K) ions
into the cell to keep the heart beating.
This form of transport uses energy
(ATP) to run the protein pump.
3. Draw a red blood cell in an isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solution. Draw dots to show the solute
concentration and draw arrows to show which way the water would move. (Osmosis) Explain why water
is moving via osmosis in the direction it is moving in.
- In a hypotonic solution the cell has more solute than the solution therefore there is more water outside
the cell than in, so the water moves in the cell making it swell (gets bigger).
- In a hypertonic solution the cell has less solute than the solution therefore there is more water inside
the cell than out, so the water moves out of the cell making it shrink.
- In an isotonic solution there is an equal amount of solute inside and outside the cell so water moves
equally in and out of the cell in equilibrium.
5. How do you know the dialysis tubing was semi-permeable? (What could move? What couldn’t
move?)
The iodine was able to diffuse into the tubing (I know this because the starch turned color inside the bag
showing iodine and starch mixed). The starch could not get out of the bag I know this because the water
in the beaker stayed brown. If starch had gotten out the iodine water would have turned black. So yes
iodine could move and no starch could not move this makes dialysis tubing semi-permeable.