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POGIL Biology IX (Take home)– The endosymbiotic theory of the
eukaryotic cell
This exercise explores a theory that biologists use to explain a set of observations and
facts. The theory you will be exploring today is the endosymbiotic theory of the
eukaryotic cell. You will explore this theory through a set of questions that you will
answer using your learning objective note set and textbook as a resource.
See Figure 5.26 in 9th edition
1. What is a membrane? What are membranes composed of?
2. What is a nucleus? In terms of the nucleus, distinguish between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
3. What does the term endosymbiosis mean?
4. What do chloroplasts do for the cell? Sketch and label a chloroplast.
5. Where do you find chloroplasts?
6. What do mitochondria do for the cell? Sketch and label a mitochondrion.
7. Where do you find mitochondria? Do all eukaryotes have mitochondria?
8. What are similarities between mitochondria and Rickettsia?
9. What are three similarities between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria?
10. Briefly describe what is meant by the phrase ‘cell fusion event’.
11. Describe the cell fusion events involved with the evolution of the modern
eukaryotic cell, providing evidence?
12. You have just discovered a new organism. It has a nucleus, but no
mitochondria or chloroplasts. In the nucleus you find two circular
chromosomes. Propose a series of events that led to evolution of this
organism.