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2nd Nine Weeks Science Benchmark Study Guide Label the following cells as plant, bacteria or animal. AND tell me how you knew which one was which. Define Homeostasis using a text book __Stable Internal Condition or Balance_______ Now write it in your own words ______________________________________________ Cell Processes Diffusion The natural movment of particles/molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration__________ Osmosis The movement of water through a cellular membrane__________ Active Transport __Movement of molecules through protein channels from low to high (uses energy!)______ Passive Transport _Movement of molecules through protein channels from high to low____ Endocytosis Process by which large particles move INTO a cell _____ Exocytosis __Process by which large particles move OUT of a cell________ Mitosis __Cell Division that creates 2 new daughter cells EXACTLY like the original cell__ Meiosis Cell Division that produces gametes (sex cells) that contain ½ the number of Chromosomes as the original cell What is the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph? Autotrophs can make their own food (example: plants) heterotrophs CANNOT make their own food (example: animals) Which one performs cellular respiration? And which one performs photosynthesis? Plants perform photosynthesis and animals perform cellular respiration List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory All Cells come from other cells Cells are the basic unit of life All organisms are made of one or more cells Cellular Respiration OR Photosynthesis What process do plant cells do to create food from sunlight energy? ___Photosynthesis___ Write the equation below Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight-------------Glucose + Oxygen What process uses the plant food, _glucose__, and breaks it apart to release energy in the form of ATP? __Cellular Respiration__________ Write the equation Glucose + Oxygen -----------------Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (Energy) Match the cell part to the function Nucleus site of cellular respiration, ATP made here Lysosome found only in plant cells, provides structure Mitochondria covering of cells lets things in and out Chloroplast controls all cell activities, DNA found here Cell Membrane site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll Chlorophyll captures sunlight Cell Wall cleans cell by digesting old parts using chemicals called enzymes How do we remember the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis makes my “toes” or Body Cells – Meiosis “makes me” – Sex Cells What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis makes body cells (exact copy of original/parent cell) Meiosis makes sex cells ½ number of Chromosomes What is an organism’s phenotype? What is an organism’s genotype? The physical appearance of that trait Example: Brown Hair, Blue Eyes The two letters used to represent the gene AA , Aa, aa How do you write a homozygous genotype? Heterozygous genotype? AA or aa Aa What’s the difference between dominant and recessive traits? AND How are they written? Dominant traits always show up if there is a dominant Allele Upper case letters – dominant trait A, G, Recessive traits only show up if TWO alleles are present – otherwise they are “covered up” Lower case letters – a, g What is a Punnett Square used for? To predict the possible outcome for the genetic cross between two organisms Complete a Punnett Square - Dd x Dd D d Dd DD dd Dd KEY D = Droopy ears d = Pointy ears Two Offspring will be Dd = Droopy Ears One Offspring will be DD = Droopy Ears One Offspring will be dd = Pointy Ears