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2nd Nine Weeks Science Benchmark Study Guide
Label the following cells as plant, bacteria or animal. AND tell me how you knew which one was
which.
Define Homeostasis using a text book __Stable Internal Condition or Balance_______
Now write it in your own words ______________________________________________
Cell Processes
Diffusion
The natural movment of particles/molecules from areas of high concentration to
areas of low concentration__________
Osmosis The movement of water through a cellular membrane__________
Active Transport __Movement of molecules through protein channels from low to high (uses
energy!)______
Passive Transport _Movement of molecules through protein channels from high to low____
Endocytosis Process by which large particles move INTO a cell _____
Exocytosis __Process by which large particles move OUT of a cell________
Mitosis __Cell Division that creates 2 new daughter cells EXACTLY like the original cell__
Meiosis Cell Division that produces gametes (sex cells) that contain ½ the number of
Chromosomes as the original cell
What is the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph? Autotrophs can make their own
food (example: plants) heterotrophs CANNOT make their own food (example: animals)
Which one performs cellular respiration? And which one performs photosynthesis? Plants
perform photosynthesis and animals perform cellular respiration
List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory
All Cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are made of one or more cells
Cellular Respiration OR Photosynthesis
What process do plant cells do to create food from sunlight energy? ___Photosynthesis___
Write the equation below
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight-------------Glucose + Oxygen
What process uses the plant food, _glucose__, and breaks it apart to release energy in the
form of ATP? __Cellular Respiration__________
Write the equation
Glucose + Oxygen -----------------Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (Energy)
Match the cell part to the function
Nucleus
site of cellular respiration, ATP made here
Lysosome
found only in plant cells, provides structure
Mitochondria
covering of cells lets things in and out
Chloroplast
controls all cell activities, DNA found here
Cell Membrane
site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
captures sunlight
Cell Wall
cleans cell by digesting old parts using chemicals called
enzymes
How do we remember the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis makes my “toes” or Body Cells – Meiosis “makes me” – Sex Cells
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis makes body cells (exact copy of original/parent cell)
Meiosis makes sex cells ½ number of Chromosomes
What is an organism’s phenotype?
What is an organism’s genotype?
The physical appearance of that trait
Example: Brown Hair, Blue Eyes
The two letters used to represent the gene
AA , Aa, aa
How do you write a homozygous genotype?
Heterozygous genotype?
AA or aa
Aa
What’s the difference between dominant and recessive traits? AND How are they written?
Dominant traits always show up if there is a dominant Allele
Upper case letters – dominant trait A, G,
Recessive traits only show up if TWO alleles are present – otherwise they are “covered up”
Lower case letters – a, g
What is a Punnett Square used for?
To predict the possible outcome for the genetic cross between two organisms
Complete a Punnett Square - Dd x Dd
D
d
Dd
DD
dd
Dd
KEY
D = Droopy ears
d = Pointy ears
Two Offspring will be Dd = Droopy Ears
One Offspring will be DD = Droopy Ears
One Offspring will be dd = Pointy Ears