Download V. Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component

United Nations Development Programme
Inter-Regional Project Document: Africa and Arab States Regions
Title
Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation
in Africa: Inter-Regional Technical Support Component1
Goal
Enhancing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable countries, promoting early adaptation
action and laying the foundation for long-term investment to increase resilience to
climate change across the African continent.
Overall Programme
Objective
21 countries in the African continent adjust their national development processes to
incorporate climate change risks/opportunities.
Expected Outcomes
of the Overall Programme
Expected Output/Activities
of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
Outcome 1. Countries have introduced dynamic,
long-term planning mechanisms to manage the
inherent uncertainties of climate change
Outcome 2. Countries have built leadership
capacities and developed institutional
frameworks to manage climate change risks and
opportunities in an integrated manner at the local
and national levels
Output: Inter-regional technical expertise and capacity
development support provided to 21 countries
Activity 1. Access to the best available data and information on
climate variability and impacts is facilitated to support dynamic,
long-term national planning and decision-making mechanisms
Activity 2. Support is provided to institutional and leadership
development in a manner responsive to the unique
circumstances and needs of each country
Outcome 3. Countries are implementing climateresilient policies and measures in priority sectors
Activity 3. Best practices, experiences and technologies are
identified and exchanged among countries on implementing
climate-resilient policies in priority sectors
Outcome 4. Financing options to meet national
adaptation costs have been expanded at the
local, national, sub-regional and regional levels
Activity 4. Innovative financing options are identified and key
partnerships are facilitated at the national, sub-regional and
regional levels
Outcome 5. Knowledge on adjusting national
development processes to fully incorporate
climate change risks and opportunities is being
generated and shared across all levels
Activity 5. Region-wide knowledge and learning mechanism
are established to raise awareness, engage stakeholders,
inform decision-makers, and promote exchange and
cooperation between countries
Implementing
Agency:
UNDP
Brief Description
Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change. It will exacerbate the economic, political and humanitarian stresses
that countries in the region already face, and greatly reduce their capacity to eradicate extreme poverty. The poorest
segments of society will be the most severely affected because they are also the least able to adapt. Responding to
the threat of climate change will require concerted action on an unprecedented scale. Systematic action will be
required across all levels of development planning and implementation (regional, national, sub-national, and local) if
development in a number of countries is not to be reversed.
Some African countries have identified key vulnerabilities and priority adaptation measures, and others have initiated
demonstration adaptation projects. However, countries continue to face a number of challenges including the
following: (i) adaptation initiatives are limited in scope and scale, and their impacts are neither cohesive nor
sustainable; (ii) institutional capacities, relationships, policies and practices to assess and manage climate change
risks are not developed sufficiently to create an enabling environment, with corresponding political and social
champions to support the formulation and implementation of efficient solutions to a problem that has complex multi1
The Inter-Regional Technical Support Component ($8.963 million) is one part of an entire $92.1m programme. The overall
distribution of funds is summarized on pages 22 and 23.
Page 1 of 47
sectoral effects; (iii) limited knowledge of the most appropriate adaptation policies and measures hinders countries
from preparing themselves with the necessary institutional capacities to support climate risk management; (iv) limited
financing options to sustain scaled-up adaptation remains a constraint; and (v) it is difficult for countries to learn from
each other about their experiences with different approaches to adaptation.
Under its $92 million programme “Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change
Adaptation in Africa” supported by the Government of Japan, UNDP will assist 21 countries across the African
continent in incorporating climate change risks and opportunities into national development processes to secure
development gains under a changing climate. The Programme will help countries establish an enabling environment
and develop the capacity required at local and national levels to enable them to design, finance, implement, monitor
and adjust long-term, integrated and cost-effective adaptation policies and plans that are robust within a wide range
of possible changes in climate conditions. The Programme aims to achieve the following key outcomes:
 Countries have introduced dynamic, long-term planning mechanisms to manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change
 Countries have built leadership and developed institutional frameworks to manage climate change risks and
opportunities in an integrated manner at the local and national levels
 Countries are implementing climate-resilient policies and measures in priority sectors
 Financing options to meet national adaptation costs have been expanded at the local, national, subregional and regional levels
 Knowledge on adjusting national development processes to fully incorporate climate change risks and
opportunities is being generated and shared across all levels
To achieve these outcomes, the programme will build on a range of related disaster risk reduction and development
opportunities. Specifically, UNDP will engage WFP, UNICEF and UNIDO in the execution of some activities under
this Programme. The Programme is also expected to lay the foundations for follow-up investments by the World Bank
and other national, regional and multilateral financial institutions; as well as forge cooperation with other ongoing
adaptation programmes at the national, regional, and global level, e.g. programmes supported by the EC, the GEF,
and bilateral donors.
The Inter-Regional Technical Support Component will assist in the early analysis and design of national projects
and, as those projects are being initiated and implemented, (i) facilitate access to the best available data and
information on climate variability and impacts to support dynamic, long-term national planning and decision-making
mechanisms, (ii) support institutional and leadership development in a manner responsive to the unique
circumstances and needs of each country; (iii) identify best practices, experiences and technologies on implementing
climate-resilient policies in priority sectors and exchange them among countries; (iv) identify innovative financing
options and facilitate key partnerships at the national and, sub-regional and regional levels; and (v) establish regionwide knowledge and learning mechanism to raise awareness, engage stakeholders, inform decision-makers, and
promote exchange and cooperation between countries.
Programme Period:
3 years
Key Result Area:
Atlas Award ID:
Project Number:
Start date:
End Date
PAC Meeting Date
Environment
00051375
00063884
15 Dec 2008
14 Dec 2011
08 Oct 2008
Management Arrangements
UNOPS (regional)
NEX (national)
Total resources needed:
Total resources allocated:

Regular

Other:
o Japan
o Government
Unfunded budget:
In-kind Contribution:
$ 8,963,000
$ 8,963,000
0
Initiation Plan (Annex 4):
$ 605,000
$ 8,963,000
_________
0
_________
Agreed by UNDP:
Date
Agreed by UNOPS:
Date
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 4
I.
Situation Analysis .............................................................................................................. 6
II.
Adaptation Challenges in Africa......................................................................................... 8
III. Strategy........................................................................................................................... 12
IV. Objectives of the Overall Programme .............................................................................. 16
V.
Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component ...................................... 18
VI. Results and Resources Framework ................................................................................. 21
VII. Total Budget and Work Plan for the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component ......... 26
VIII. Management Arrangements ............................................................................................ 29
IX. Monitoring Framework And Evaluation ............................................................................ 31
X. Legal Context .................................................................................................................. 33
ANNEXES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Relevant Ongoing Programmes and Projects ................................................................... 34
UNDP Adaptation Approach ............................................................................................. 36
UNDP Tools and Resources ............................................................................................ 37
Preliminary Work Plan and Initiation Plan ........................................................................ 38
Summary Terms of Reference for Inter-Regional Technical Experts ................................ 41
Programme and Project Assurance and Implementation Support..................................... 43
References ....................................................................................................................... 46
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AfDB
ALM
APF
APR
AWP
BCDMP
BCPR
BDP
CBA
CBO
CBO
CC:DARE
CCA
CDG
CEB
ClimDev-Africa
CO
CPAP
CPD
DDP
DEX
DFID
DPAP
EEG
EFP
GEF
GMS
IDKN
IGO
IPCC AR4
ISS
LDC
LDCF
M&E
MDG
MDGF
MoRD
NAIS
NAPA
NC
NCMWF
African Development Bank
Adaptation Learning Mechanism
Adaptation Policy Framework
Annual Project Report
Annual Work Plan
Bangladesh Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme
Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Bureau for Development Policy
Community-Based Adaptation
Community-based organisation
Community Based Organisation
Climate Change and Development – Adapting by Reducing Vulnerability
Common Country Assessment
Capacity Development Group
Chief Executives Board
Climate for Development in Africa Programme
Country Office
Country Programme Action Plan
Country Programme Document
Desert Development Programme
Direct Execution
UK Department for International Development
Drought Prone Areas Programme
Environment and Energy Group
Environmental Focal Point
Global Environment Facility
General Management Support
India Disaster Knowledge Network
Inter-governmental organisation
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report
Implementation Support Services
Least Developed Countries
Least Developed Country Fund
Monitoring and evaluation
Millennium Development Goal
Millennium Development Goal Achievement Fund
Ministry of Rural Development
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
National Adaptation Programme of Action
National Communication
National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast
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NCSP
NDMA
NEPAD
NEX
NGO
NIDM
NREGP
PEI
PPR
PRSP
QPR
RBA
RBAS
RBx
RC
RCU
RfP
RR
RTA
SCCF
SDMAs
SGP
SGRY
SPA
TICAD
TOR
TPR
UN
UNCT
UNDAF
UNDG
UNDP
UN-ECA
UNEP
UNFCCC
UNICEF
UNIDO
UNOPS
WB
National Communications Support Programme
National Disaster Management Authority
New Partnership for Africa’s Development
National Execution
Non-governmental Organisation
National Institute of Disaster Management
National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme
Poverty-Environment Initiative
Project Progress Report
Poverty Reduction Strategy Plan
Quarterly Progress Report
Regional Bureau for Africa
Regional Bureau for Arab States
Regional Bureaux
Regional Coordinator
Regional Coordinating Unit
Request for Proposals
Resident Representatives
Regional Technical Advisor
Special Climate Change Fund
State Disaster Management Authority
Small Grants Programme
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana
Strategic Priority on Adaptation
Tokyo International Conference on African Development
Terms of Reference
Tripartite Review
United Nations
United Nations Country Team
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
United Nations Development Group
United Nations Development Programme
UN Economic Commission for Africa
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Children's Fund
United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
United Nations Office for Project Services
World Bank
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I.
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The threat that climate change – both current and future – poses to Africa’s development is widely
documented. Although Africa contributes only about 3.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions, the
continent will bear the brunt of impacts from climate change. Africa’s high vulnerability is aggravated by
multiple biophysical and developmental stresses coupled with low adaptive capacity. In many countries,
the economies are heavily reliant on climate-sensitive sectors such as rain-fed agriculture, fisheries,
natural resources, and tourism. The extreme poverty in parts of Africa also severely constrains human
development – the 22 countries listed as ‘low development’ countries in UNDP’s 2007-2008 Human
Development Report (HDR) on Climate Change are all in Africa. Despite the commitment of their
governments, African countries are struggling to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – and
climate change is increasing their risk of falling short of these goals. Integrated and comprehensive
approaches to adaptation are therefore needed to meet the scale of the challenge.
1. Current vulnerability1
Average temperatures across Africa have shown a trend of increasing since the 1960s, although the
magnitude of this change varies across the continent. Rainfall trends are more complicated, showing
considerable variation since the 1960s. Extreme events, such as droughts and floods, can have major
implications for development. While it is not clear whether droughts have increased in frequency across
Africa in the past century, certain areas such as the Sahel have shown trends of drying since the 1970s.
Flooding occurs not only in high rainfall areas, but also in dry countries such as Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt,
Niger and Somalia. However, changes in flood frequency across Africa are poorly understood at present.
Climate already exerts a strong influence on the day-to-day economic development of Africa, particularly
in terms of water, food security, health, ecosystems, and livelihoods:

About 25% of Africa’s population currently experiences high water stress, while about 69% of the
population lives under conditions of relative water abundance. Despite this abundance, however,
many do not have access to clean drinking water and sanitation and water governance is weak.
In particular, women have limited access to clean drinking water and sanitation.

The contribution of agriculture to GDP in African countries ranges from 10-70% (21% on
average). Not only is the sector already highly sensitive to climate, farmers must also contend
with poor soil fertility, pests, crop diseases, and a lack of access to fertiliser, irrigation, and
improved seeds.

An estimated 700,000 to 2.5 million Africans die of malaria each year, of which 75% are children.
The economic burden of malaria can reduce growth by up to 1.3% in the hardest-hit countries.
Many drivers of malaria, and other diseases such as cholera and meningitis, are linked to climate
change and variability.

African ecosystems contribute significantly to biodiversity and human well-being, but are being
impacted by climate change, habitat loss, over-harvesting of certain species, the spread of alien
species, hunting, and deforestation. About half of the sub-humid and semi-arid parts of southern
Africa are already at moderate to high risk of desertification. In West Africa, the long-term
declines in rainfall from the 1970s to 1990s have caused a 25-35 km southward shift of the Sahel,
Sudan, and Guinean ecological zones. In the West Indian Ocean, a 30% loss of corals to
bleaching from warming oceans has resulted in tourism losses of $US 12-18 million per year
(check).

Large numbers of people are currently at risk from floods, particularly in coastal areas, and
recurrent floods in some countries are linked with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.
Another one-third of the population lives in drought-prone areas. Droughts have mainly affected
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the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and southern Africa, particularly since the end of the 1960s. During
the mid-1980s, economic losses from droughts totalled several hundred million US dollars.

Livelihood choices are often limited and migration is frequently the only option available, which
generates social upheaval and conflict. The conflict in Darfur, Sudan, for example, has been
attributed in part to climate change. In this case, nomadic pastoralists suffering from prolonged
droughts in northern Sudan moved south into areas populated with settled farmers.2
2. Future vulnerability
The future impacts of climate change on development in Africa depend on four main bio-physical factors:
(i) the extent of the warming; (ii) the changes in amount and variability of rainfall; (iii) the increase in
extreme events; and (iv) the extent of sea-level rise. Many of these factors are interlinked.

Extent of warming. Climate projections reported in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)3 of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that Africa is very likely to warm by 34oC 4 on average during this century, which is greater than the global average temperature
increase. The effects of such changes for rural communities are likely to be severe 5 , with
reductions in crop yields 6 and livestock productivity (and hence food security) 7 , shortages of
drinking water (necessitating longer walking distances for woman and children who tend to fetch
water for rural households)8, spread of diseases such as malaria, reduced potential for hydrogeneration of electricity, large-scale migration of ‘climate change refugees’ and subsequent civil
conflicts and unrest. Other potential effects include: (i) loss of biodiversity, which will reduce the
availability of medicinal plants and impact negatively on African tourism sectors 9; (ii) reduced
productivity of some freshwater fisheries (e.g. Lakes Victoria, Kariba, Malawi, Tanganyika) as a
result of increases in water temperature; and (iii) loss of corals across large areas of the Indian
Ocean and the Red Sea (due to rising sea temperatures and acidification) with consequent
negative impacts on marine fisheries, tourism, and rates of coastal erosion.

Changes in amount and variability of rainfall. Predictions of rainfall changes in Africa are
generally less consistent than those for temperature; however, the IPCC AR4 concludes that
widespread reductions are likely. In regions where increases in rainfall are predicted (e.g.,
equatorial Africa), this will be offset (potentially entirely) by warming and the loss of water via
evapo-transpiration. Even in the absence of climate change, present population trends and
patterns of water use indicate that more African countries will exceed their limits of ‘economically
usable, land-based water resources before 2025.’ 10 Northern and southern Africa are likely to
experience increased water stress by 2055, while eastern and western Africa will experience
water reductions. As the world’s poorest and most rainfall-dependent region, sub-Saharan Africa
is a place of special concern. Across the sub-Saharan region, agricultural producers are
operating with limited resources in fragile environments sensitive to even minor shifts in
temperature and rainfall patterns. 11 The livelihoods of rural farmers are particularly precarious
because of isolation, small farm sizes, lack of secure land tenure, lack of access to technology 12,
lack of access to electricity 13 and fluctuations in global commodity prices and farm inputs.
Tourism in some regions is likely to be adversely affected by climate change impacts.

Increase in extreme events. As noted earlier, there is limited information available on the
probability of a greater frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods in Africa. On a
global scale, the IPCC AR4 reports that increases in these events are likely; in Africa, droughts in
particular are likely to be more frequent. The impact of such increases on Africa’s rural poor could
be catastrophic, with widespread famine, disease, epidemics, reduced access to clean drinking
water, and large-scale migrations and resulting regional conflicts.

Sea level rise. A sea level rise of 21-48 cm is predicted in the IPCC AR4.14 Forty percent of West
Africa’s population lives in coastal cities – more than 50 million will live along the 500 km
coastline between Accra, Ghana, and the Niger delta by 2020. Sea-level rise is expected to have
a significant impact on these coastal populations because of the concentration of poor people in
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potentially hazardous areas. Other impacts include: loss of mangroves, estuaries and coral reefs,
which are critical for tourism and fishing industries; flooding of coastal infrastructure; and loss of
coastal plantations of palm oil, coconuts, mangoes, and cashew nuts.
These climate change risks are additional to, and are likely to compound, existing socio-economic
development challenges. The UNDP Human Development Report illustrated how climate shocks, such as
those predicted in Africa, can lock people into a downward cycle of poverty because the coping strategies
of the poor to manage climate risks often reinforce deprivation. For example, when climate disasters
strike, the poor are often forced to sell productive assets in order to protect consumption. When that is not
enough, households cope in other ways such as cutting meals, reducing spending on health, and taking
children out of school. Meanwhile, children born during a drought are much more likely to be
malnourished and stunted.
The poorest segments of society are often disproportionately exposed to various forms of risk. For
example, people living in dry areas are at risk from drought. Those who depend upon rain-fed agriculture
will suffer. However, drought will not affect everyone equally. Those who have alternative sources of
income will be much less affected. Vulnerability, therefore, is the expression not only of exposure to risk
but also of the capacity to manage those risks. The variety of risks that poor are exposed to is great,
ranging from weather-related risks (e.g. flood, drought), through fluctuating marketing opportunities for
their products, to the effects of disease. Many of these risks interact. For example, the risks presented by
the poor quality of water supply and sanitation will be exacerbated by drought. Climate change will
present new sources of risk that will interact with existing risks.
II.
ADAPTATION CHALLENGES IN AFRICA
There are a number of ongoing programmes and projects funded by bilateral and multilateral agencies to
assist African countries to manage the risks associated with climate change, as well as with climate
variability. Few of these programmes address climate-related risks from a disaster reduction point of view
(including fast and slow onset disasters), despite the fact that disaster risk reduction is an integral part of
the adaptation response to climate change. Annex 1 provides a list of relevant UNDP-supported
adaptation and disaster risks reduction programmes and projects in Africa, including their key thematic
and sectoral areas of focus and participating countries. UNDP experience to date with ongoing adaptation
initiatives has pointed to a number of important lessons:
1. Long-term planning tools to manage the inherent uncertainties of climate change
Our climate is changing. This is certain. Less certain, however, is the timing, magnitude and locations
affected the most from such changes. Climate change represents more than just a change in climate
conditions. For example, the frequency of climate-related disasters is rising. Climate change has
generated legitimate concern about the possibility of catastrophes and societal disruption on
unprecedented scales. For decision-makers, climate change represents also a dramatic increase in
uncertainty.
Very few regional to sub-regional climate change scenarios using regional climate models or empirical
downscaling have been constructed in Africa mainly due to restricted computational facilities and the
limited availability of technical expertise, as well as insufficient climate data. Under the medium-high IPCC
emissions scenario (A1B) for 2080-2099 (check dates), the best available climate projections forecast that
mean annual rainfall is very likely to decrease along the Mediterranean coast (by 20%) and in much of
southern Africa, but is likely to increase in tropical and eastern Africa (IPCC, AR4). For the western Sahel,
there are still discrepancies between the climate models: some projecting a significant drying and others
simulating a progressive wetting with an expansion of vegetation into the Sahara. Furthermore, there is
growing evidence linking droughts in the region of West Africa to decades-long fluctuations in the strength
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of major ocean circulations. Depending on the trends in these ocean fluctuations in the coming decades,
a third scenario for the Sahel could be an initial increase in rainfalls in the next decade followed by a
significant drying thereafter.15
At the same time, scientific reports show that over the 20th century, disasters involving climatic hazards
were seven times as frequent as those involving geo-physical hazards globally (such as earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions) and accounted for nine times as many deaths. The economic losses from climaticallytriggered disasters were three times higher than those from disasters triggered by geo-physical hazards
and the number of people affected 55 times greater.
Many investment decisions have consequences over periods of 50 to 200 years. Examples of such
decisions include urbanization plans, water facilities and transport infrastructure. This means that water
infrastructure built in West Africa now could face over its lifetime a significant drying, a progressive
wetting or even an initial wetting period followed by significant drying. Water engineers can easily design
water infrastructure adapted to a progressive drying or wetting. However, it is infinitely more difficult to
design water infrastructure adapted to the full range of possible future climates. A key risk associated with
the high climate uncertainty in Africa could be to undersize or oversize adaptation efforts. In some cases,
the mal-adaptation costs resulting from sunk-costs or costs of delayed decisions could exceed the direct
costs of global warming.16 As much as up to 40% of all development assistance and public expenditures
(water supply and sanitation infrastructure, etc.) could be lost due to climate change.
The traditional development planning tools have not been designed to face such a situation and countries
suffer from the lack of long-term investment planning instruments that are able to manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change. The National Communications (NCs) developed under the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the National Adaptation Programmes of
Action (NAPAs) supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) have endeavoured to lay the
foundations for prospective exercises to address climate risks. However, they have been hampered by
the lack of data and limited technical capacity to apply appropriate planning tools. They also have typically
focused on short-term threats in two or three key sectors with less emphasis on resilience of long-lived
investment in the context of climate uncertainty.
Identifying and reducing risks in a rational, flexible and iterative manner, taking into account uncertainties
associated with climate-related hazards – including droughts, floods, cyclones, sea-level rise and extreme
temperatures – can help to protect people, livelihoods and assets, thereby promoting the achievement of
development goals.
2. Leadership and institutions to guide integrated and comprehensive adaptation approaches
A key element in the willingness and ability of countries to focus on particular development challenges is
leadership. Such leadership can change the way whole societies view certain problems and the extent to
which societies are mobilized to solve those problems. The vital role of advocates, champions and
leaders has been seen, for example in the area of HIV/AIDS. No less of a sea change is needed in the
area of climate change. A key challenge, then, is to mobilize climate change champions from amongst
those voices in society and institutions that have the commitment and authority to motivate action.
Unfortunately, sixteen years after the adoption of the United Nations Framework for Climate Change,
awareness and engagement in climate change among the public and national leaders remains low, in
spite of the fact that climate change affects all walks of society. Current research on development points
to the importance of empowering people, especially leaders as active agents of change for transformative
and sustainable results. Unfortunately, leadership development in the area of climate change adaptation
has not been systematically undertaken or supported in most countries.
Even with this kind of leadership in place, effective responses to climate change also require strong
institutions with clear roles and responsibilities to implement the broader vision. Some countries in Africa
have begun to identify key vulnerabilities and priority adaptation measures while others have begun to
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initiate demonstration projects. However, current initiatives are often limited, isolated, and fragmented.
Because of the multi-sectoral nature of adaptation, isolated inventions can solve one problem in one
sector and yet create problems in another sector. To be effective, adaptation considerations need to
balance competing priorities and assess trade-offs among multiple demands and uses in water, land, and
coastal zones.
Climate change affects wide-ranging sectors, and therefore it is important to engage relevant ministries at
all levels from national to local. Women and children are particularly vulnerable, and gender groups
should be involved from the very start. Cross-cutting committees are needed with strong political
mandates, clear roles and responsibilities of key ministries and institutions, and technically proficient staff
and resources to effectively manage risks at the national level. Ideally such committees are most effective
if they are housed at the cabinet level and able to engage with influential ministries (e.g. finance, energy,
infrastructure, planning). Similarly, to achieve meaningful and sustainable reduction in the scale and
impact of disasters, effective integration of hazard and vulnerability considerations into regular
development policies, plans and work is essential. The importance of mainstreaming Disaster Risk
Reduction into development was emphasised by the 168 countries that negotiated the Hyogo Framework
of Action, in Hyogo, Japan in 2005.
While enabling activities such as the NCs and NAPAs have been successful in creating national crosscutting committees, experience has shown that existing committees often do not have the mandate to
effectively engage with senior ministries such as finance, economic planning or agriculture. Moreover,
expertise in climate change rests primarily within the meteorological service or environmental
departments in many countries; and cross-sectoral committees are not backed by adequate financial and
human resources. Many of the coordination committees and structures that are created by enabling
activities are often not sustained beyond the lifetime of the project. Consequently, countries are missing
effective institutional frameworks to support the short- and long-term management of climate change risks
and opportunities in an integrated manner at both local and national levels, including the delivery of
finance for climate change adaptation.
3. Appropriate mix of adaptation strategies, policies and measures at the local and national levels
The African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEM) committed to “effectively integrate and
implement climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies into … national and regional development
frameworks” at their last annual meeting held in Addis Ababa from 31 March to 2 April 2008. Currently,
however, many climate change policies and programmes are still at a formative stage in most countries
and policy uncertainty is still very high. Most governments are yet to develop long-term policies to, among
others: (i) protect climate-sensitive public goods (water supply, coastal protection, regional political
cooperation, etc.); (ii) adjust fiscal policy to create private sector incentives for adaptation; and (iii)
establish performance standards and codes that encourage both private and public investments in longlived capital and infrastructure.
Several factors constrain the design and implementation of an optimum mix of adaptation strategies,
policies and measures to systematically mainstream climate risks into national and local development
processes. In the absence of long-term planning tools and enabling institutional frameworks mentioned
above, moving from assessments to policy change and implementation of adaptation measures will
remain a key challenge. Moreover, adaptation measures need to be economically efficient and effective if
they are to be seriously considered by policymakers who manage competing demands for resources and
make trade-offs. At present, the valuation of the economic costs and benefits of adaptation is rarely
undertaken in developing countries. This further prevents the formulation of appropriate climate-resilient
investment plans.
4. Financing options to sustain and scale-up adaptation
Estimates of financing needs for adaptation for developing countries are placed at tens of billions of
dollars per annum by the World Bank, UNDP, UNFCCC and the Stern Report. Unfortunately the three
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existing multilateral funds of the UNFCCC/GEF (i.e., Least Developed Country Fund, Special Climate
Change Fund, and Strategic Priority for Adaptation) totalled only about $50 million per year during 20012006. The Adaptation Fund, which is not yet operational, is currently worth $2-3 million but is projected to
reach $440 million by 2012.
The availability of resources at the international level, through the Adaptation Fund or other bilateral
support, is unlikely to be sufficient to completely address the scale of adaptation requirements. Both the
UNDP Human Development Report and African Development Bank recommend the identification of
additional financing assistance beyond development assistance to support adaptation. As climate change
unfolds, a new way of doing development will be critical. This includes finding innovative ways to attract
and secure new and additional resources to direct towards strategic interventions. This also requires
making better use of existing and emerging funds through helping countries to access these funds and
better integrate and sequence the diverse set of available financial resources. It also requires that the link
is made between upstream policy activities on the one hand (such as institutional strengthening,
mainstreaming adaptation in development plans and budgets, and legislative and regulatory work), and
investments in infrastructure and economic development on the other hand. While some progress has
been made in the area of insurance, especially with weather-index based derivatives, appropriate fiscal,
market and financial mechanisms have yet to be examined or demonstrated in a meaningful scale in the
context of contributing towards solving climate change issues.
Such measures will need to be complemented with adjustments of budgetary support provided to key line
ministries or the internalization of adaptation costs and benefits at the level of private firms or households,
in order to ensure that climate change risk management is sustainable with long-lasting effects. A
comprehensive approach to adaptation will not be possible if these critical ingredients of adaptation are
overlooked. Instead, dependence on limited donor assistance will continue and adaptation will remain
piecemeal.
There is growing awareness and recognition of the importance of innovative sources of financing
development challenges in general, and adaptation in particular, in most African countries.17 At the same
time, it is also recognized that national capacities will need to be developed to design, pilot and effectively
use these emerging funds in an optimum manner at the local and national levels. Sub-regional and
regional cooperation on insurance-related instruments and other innovative ‘soft’ financial adaptation
options to manage transboundary resources and address common threats remain to be explored.
5. Knowledge on managing climate change risks/opportunities
Given the complexity of managing the inherent uncertainties of climate change, a recent survey
conducted by UNDP of more than 370 respondents in UN agencies, government, universities, the private
sector, NGOs, and bilateral donors revealed a high demand for knowledge sharing on good practices on
adaptation at the national level. Priorities for learning and knowledge sharing included: training in climate
change risk management; experiences on integration of climate change risks into national level planning
and budgetary processes; and good practices on implementation of tangible demonstration measures. At
present, it is also evident that lessons from previously completed initiatives are not easily accessible as
the fundamentals for systematic learning including both human and financial resources has yet to be
institutionalized.
As Africa prepares for a future where adaptation to climate change dominates the economic and political
horizon, effective south-south partnerships and communications will become critical. A few channels of
bilateral support or the assistance of a few specialized development agencies will not be adequate to
provide the necessary support to Africa. The scale and variety of needs for adaptation will require multiple
bilateral and international organizations to be engaged. However, a platform to facilitate partnerships
between various agencies has yet to be put in place. In most countries, effective communications
strategies remain to be developed so that a systematic analysis of experiences in the field can be shared
and brought to bear on future initiatives on adaptation.
Page 11 of 47
Furthermore, additional research into the feasibility of integrated adaptation measures, in an environment
of uncertainty as to the exact impacts, is required. Current methodologies are experience-based, but still
rather ad-hoc and not peer reviewed. Setting benchmarks, developing indicators to monitor progress and
effectiveness, defining the additionality posed by climate change over other ongoing development
challenges such as population growth, and resource degradation, are examples of some of the areas that
require further work.
Further links and integration need to be pursued between ongoing adaptation programmes and ongoing
disaster risk reduction programmes under the Hyogo Framework of Action. This programme will therefore
also work closely with the ongoing project on Climate Risk Management (CRM) developed under the joint
work planning framework between UNDP’s Bureau for Crisis Prevention and recovery (BCPR) and the
Environment and Energy Group (EEG) in the Bureau for Development Policy (BDP). The expected
outputs of this project include: (i) increased convergence concerning climate related risk management
priorities among national and local stakeholders and the international community and (ii) increased
climate-risk management capacity of key national and regional institutions.
Finally, there is also a need to consider gender perspectives, as women are particularly vulnerable to
climate change. Countries face the following challenges in integrating gender concerns into climate
change adaptation policies and measures: (i) limited gender-disaggregated, quality and quantitative data
to show vulnerabilities specific to women in face of climate change; (ii) limited research and tools on
intersections of climate change finance and gender equality, such as gender budgeting and gender
auditing; and (iii) lack of women’s voices in policy dialogue and decision-making processes.
III.
STRATEGY
As articulated in the IPCC AR4, there is growing scientific, economic, political and social consensus that
effective climate change adaptation will require long-term planning and explicit consideration of climate
change risks at the regional, national and local levels. Given the cross-cutting nature of climate change
and the scale of the challenge, a comprehensive blueprint for implementing a dynamic, long-term and
coherent approach to adaptation that cuts across sectors and links national, sub-national, and community
levels needs to be in place.
Without committed leadership and strong institutions and, comprehensive and integrated approach, the
management of climate change risks is unlikely to be catalytic, strategic or cognisant of the potential
multiplier effects across sectors and administrative levels. In short, responses are unlikely to make
effective contributions towards underlying development problems. To achieve the kind of transformational
change that is required, climate change risks need to be routinely considered as part of poverty reduction
and sectoral strategies, policies and measures.
UNDP’s goal in the area of climate change adaptation is to enable developing countries to secure and
expand development gains in the face of climate change. To achieve this goal and overcome the present
challenges to adaptation in Africa, UNDP’s approach is to help countries establish an enabling
environment and develop leadership and institutional capacities required at the local and national levels to
design, finance, implement, monitor and adjust long-term, integrated and cost-effective adaptation
policies and plans that take into account a wide range of possible changes in climate conditions..
Leadership capacities, in particular, are critical for catalyzing and creating systemic changes that are
needed for mobilising multi-sectoral programmatic responses and sustaining commitment for driving the
whole processes of adaptation to climate change. The programme, therefore, emphasises the
development of leadership and institutional capacities for all outputs at all levels.
The main ambitions of the UNDP approach are to help countries (i) reduce the mal-adaptation costs that
would result from duplicative, fragmented, delayed, under-sized or over-sized adaptation efforts and (ii)
ensure that adequate additional financing can be secured in a timely and predictable manner to meet the
unavoidable remaining costs of adaptation. Figure 1 in Annex 2 depicts the UNDP approach.
Page 12 of 47
In a manner responsive to the unique requirements of each participating country, this approach could
entail: (i) the introduction of dynamic, long-term planning mechanisms to manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change; (ii) the development of national leadership and institutions to manage
climate change risks and opportunities in an integrated manner at the local and national levels; (iii) the
development and implementation of climate-resilient policies and measures in priority sectors; (iv) the
expansion of innovative financial instruments to meet national adaptation costs; and (v) the development
of knowledge platforms to generate knowledge and share experience, and feed into the regular evaluation
and adjustment of national adaptation policies, strategies and processes.
To achieve these objectives, UNDP is launching a $92 million programme on ”Supporting Integrated and
Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa” with funding from the Government
of Japan. Adopting a continent-wide programmatic approach, UNDP will assist 21 countries across the
African continent to incorporate climate change risks and opportunities into national development
processes to secure development gains in the face of climate change.
This programme approach will provide three main avenues of support to countries. First, the bulk of all
resources ($73.23 million) will go directly to the countries to help them develop the planning mechanisms,
institutions, polices, financial options and knowledge base that will be needed to respond to climate
change in the years to come. Second, as the subject of this project document, an “Inter-Regional
Technical Support Component” will provide support in developing the country projects and help link them
together to ensure they all benefit from and contribute to a much wider knowledge base that is developing
on best practices in climate change. The value of this component is $8.96 million. Finally, UNDP will build
on its existing global and regional networks to provide overall programme and project assurance support
to the programme. The value of this component is $4.11 million.
Supporting both national projects and inter-regional technical work (under the same programme will yield
more coherent and sustainable impacts across the continent than could be achieved through national
projects alone. The expected focus of work under each of these three components is summarized below
and the sections that follow.
1. National components
Most of the programme financing – $73.23 million – will be channelled directly to national activities in 21
participating countries. While aligned with overall programme outcomes, each national project will be
developed in close consultation with governments and other stakeholders and tailored to meet the
specific circumstances and climate-related needs in that country. Most if not all of these projects will
managed under National Execution (NEX), as is the norm.
The 21 participating countries are listed in Table 1 below. They are divided into the four main African
climatic sub-regions as identified in the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (2007). The table below
summarizes the different impacts of climate change expected by the IPCC in each sub-region.
Table 1: Programme Countries
Sub-Region
Programme
Countries
North Africa
Morocco, Tunisia
Examples of current and possible future climate impacts and
vulnerabilities identified by IPCC AR4
 Decrease in mixed rain-fed and semi-arid systems, particularly
the length of the growing period, e.g. on the margins of the
Sahel
 Possible increased water stress and runoff in parts of North
Africa by 2050
East Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya,
Rwanda,
Tanzania
 Likely increase in rainfall in parts of East Africa
 Previously malaria-free highland areas could experience
change to stable conditions by 2050, with conditions becoming
Page 13 of 47
highly suitable for transmission by 2080
Southern Africa
Lesotho, Malawi,
Mauritius,
Mozambique,
Namibia, Zambia
 Parts of Southern Africa may be highly vulnerable to climate
variability and change, with possible heightened stress in some
river basins
 Likely southward expansion in transmission zone of malaria
 Dune fields may become highly dynamic in parts of Southern
Africa by 2099
 Some biomes (e.g. Fynbos, Succulent karoo in Southern
Africa) are likely to become most vulnerable ecosystems, while
savanna may become more resilient
 Food security is likely to be further aggravated by climate
variability and change, as well as HIV/AIDs, poor governance,
and poor adaptation.
West and
Central Africa
Burkina Faso,
Cameroon,
Gabon, Congo,
Ghana, Niger,
Nigeria, Sao
Tome and
Principe, Senegal
 Impacts on crops under a range of scenarios
 Possible agricultural GDP losses
 Coastal settlements could be affected by projected rise in sea
levels and flooding
 Changes in coastal environments (e.g. mangroves, and
coastal degradation) could have negative impacts on fisheries
and tourism.
*WFP, UNICEF and UNIDO will execute some activities in the following countries: a) WFP –Kenya, Ethiopia, Malawi; b) UNICEF –
Nigeria, Ethiopia, c) UNIDO – Nigeria, Kenya.
A specific and detailed UNDP project document for each of these countries will be developed in
consultation with key partners including governments, civil society organizations, women’s groups,
technical experts, concerned donors, UN agencies and other partners. While it is not possible or even
desirable at this time to provide details for any of these projects, the projects should (i) respond to
potential impacts of climate change outlined in the table above, (ii) broadly address the wide range of
challenges discussed earlier, and (iii) take into account the unique characteristics of each of these
countries related to climate change planning, institutions, policies, financial systems and knowledge base.
In addition to these UNDP projects, the expertise of other UN agencies such as the World Food
Programme (WFP), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) will be brought to bear to implement a wide range of national
activities under the Programme. These agencies will be responsible for $11 million of the resources
available under the national component as associated implementing agencies ($5 million for WFP, $3
million for UNICEF, and $3 million for UNIDO).
2. Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
It is important that the country projects are not developed and implemented in isolation from one another.
Although such projects can be effective in their own right, they can be even more effective if developed
with the latest and best information from across Africa and the world. For this reason, the second element
of UNDP’s programmatic approach is to provide a coherent and integrated package of support to the
programme countries through this “Inter-Regional Technical Support Component” The platform is ‘interregional’ because it spans two of UNDP’s geographic regions: sub-Saharan Africa, led by the Regional
Bureau for Africa (RBA), and those Arab states bordering on the Mediterranean sea, led by the Regional
Bureau for Arab States (RBAS). The platform is ‘technical’ in that it will be a key mechanism for delivering
technical expertise, training and tools to countries as they develop and implement their country projects.
Financing for this component will amount to $8.96 million.
The Inter-Regional Technical Support Component will assist in the early analysis and design of national
projects and, as those projects are being initiated and implemented, (i) facilitate access to the best
Page 14 of 47
available data and information on climate variability and impacts to support dynamic, long-term national
planning and decision-making mechanisms, (ii) support institutional and leadership development in a
manner responsive to the unique circumstances and needs of each country; (iii) identify best practices,
experiences and technologies on implementing climate-resilient policies in priority sectors and exchange
them among countries; (iv) identify innovative financing options and facilitate key partnerships at the
national and, sub-regional and regional levels; and (v) establish region-wide knowledge and learning
mechanism to raise awareness, engage stakeholders, inform decision-makers, and promote exchange
and cooperation between countries. Thus the inter-regional component will provide technical inputs to
countries to address the main climate change challenges outlined above and in line with overall
programme objectives.
First, the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component will facilitate access to data and information to
facilitate vulnerability assessments, long-term planning, selection of “win-win” and reversible options, and
promotion of soft adaptation strategies to manage the inherent uncertainties of climate change. By
leveraging the methodological experience acquired through the GEF-funded support programmes for
National Communications and National Adaptation Plans of Action in over 100 countries, UNDP will be
able to provide a common menu of tools and methodologies to all participating countries, notably using
the UNDP Adaptation Planning Framework for long-term planning exercises. A list of available UNDP
methodologies for vulnerability assessment and long-term planning is given as Annex 2.
Second, the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component will support institutional and leadership
development taking into account the unique circumstances and needs of each country. Obviously data
and information alone are not enough if they are not used to develop more rational planning processes
and if those planning processes are not promoted by dynamic leaders and tended by competent
institutions. The regional component will help identify appropriate programs and develop leadership
capacities of key actors and institutions, across key sectors, to take on the challenges of climate change.
Third, through its broad cross section of pilot countries, representative of the four main types of possible
climate futures in Africa, and its comprehensive approach to mainstream climate risks into development
policies and processes at all levels, this programme offers a unique tool to develop shared and
harmonized approaches to dealing with similar challenges and potential impacts. To this end the InterRegional Technical Component will help identify best practices, experiences and technologies to manage
climate change in priority sectors and help share these among countries.
Fourth, the Inter-regional Technical Support Component will assist participating countries in exploring joint
innovative financing initiatives such sub-regional and regional insurance-related instruments to manage
transboundary resources or mitigate common risks. Such instruments could include, for example, flood
indexes for transboundary basins to reduce the need for immediate upgrade of flood control
infrastructure, risk pooling facilities to address increased frequency of drought, etc. The regional
component will also seek to forge partnerships with key regional initiatives.
Finally, the Inter-Regional Technical Component will comprehensive knowledge and learning platform for
capturing, storing, and disseminating lessons across the Continent. UNDP will leverage in experience in
establishing networks of practitioners across its different practices to promote active knowledge sharing.
In each country, national and inter-regional activities will build on past and on-going adaptation efforts as
well as complementary initiatives in disaster risk reduction, food security, coastal zone management,
water security, health and ecosystems management of multilateral and bilateral organizations such as the
World Bank, the GEF, the Multilateral Development Banks, and the EC. Notably, the long-term
prospective exercises at the country level will fully leverage the data collected and analysed through GEFsupported initiatives such as the National Communications and the NAPAs.
3. Programme and Project Assurance Support Component
The third and final avenue of UNDP support to achieving the overall goals of the programme is through its
existing global and regional networks to provide overall programme and project assurance together and
Page 15 of 47
programme and policy support. To support national programmes and to ensure coherence between them,
UNDP’s system of programme and project assurance and policy and programme support help bring the
best available knowledge and expertise to bear at the national level. Such advisory and technical support
helps ensure that the programme does not address individual, short-term adaptation needs without
considering the longer-term, overarching framework. It also helps avoid adaptation measures that might
prove to be counter-productive in the long run or have negative impacts on other sectors. It will help
countries to be better positioned to address adaptation in a holistic manner, (re)directing investments,
taking a country driven approach to several multi-lateral and bi-lateral donors active in the field, and
integrate and sequence these different support and investment activities in function of the country own
development objectives.
A summary of areas and tasks that UNDP provides under programme and project assurance is provided
in Annex 6.
IV.
OBJECTIVES OF THE OVERALL PROGRAMME
The overall objective of this $92 million Programme is that 21 countries in the African countries adjust
their national development processes to incorporate climate change risks and opportunities. The
programme will build on a range of related disaster risk reduction and development opportunities.
Specifically, UNDP will engage WFP, UNICEF and UNIDO in the execution of some activities under this
Programme. The following five outcomes, will contribute to the achievement of this objective:
Outcome 1: Countries have introduced dynamic, long-term planning mechanisms to manage the
inherent uncertainties of climate change
Many decisions concerning long-lived investments need to take into account climate change. Decisionmakers should not expect the range of climate projections at the local level to significantly narrow in the
near future. However, a number of investments cannot and should not be delayed. Dynamic, long-term
planning tools will be developed and prospective exercises carried out to identify and assess costeffective options that take into account a wide range of possible changes in climate conditions. These
prospective exercises will enable countries to combine infrastructure investments that cannot be delayed
with win-win strategies or reversible, soft adaptation strategies. These exercises will be regularly updated
and revised.
Outcome 2: Countries have built leadership capacities and institutional frameworks to manage
climate change risks and opportunities in an integrated manner at the local and national levels
Building on UNDP experience in strengthening national institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction at
all levels, advisory services on good practices for establishing and strengthening national bodies will be
provided to participating countries to manage climate change risks in an integrated manner at the national
and local levels. Such bodies need to have cross-cutting mandates, strong political support, clear roles
and responsibilities, technically proficient staff and adequate resources.
Under this outcome, countries will be assisted in accordance with their specific circumstances and in line
with their national institutional frameworks to mainstream climate change adaptation measures into
policies and to build leadership and establish necessary institutional mechanisms to promote crosssectoral and multi-sectoral coordination on climate change risks and opportunities.
Options to align the mandate of key central ministries (such as planning and finance) and critical sectoral
ministries (such as agriculture, water or disaster) to address climate change will be developed. Assistance
with preparing appropriate multi-sectoral strategies and plans will also be provided.
Outcome 3: Countries are implementing climate-resilient policies and measures in priority sectors
Page 16 of 47
The Programme will provide critical assistance to key ministries and public administration bodies affected
by climate change to explore and design appropriate policy responses on a particular climatedevelopment question (e.g., water and energy, coastal zone development, agriculture, etc). The results of
existing processes will be built on, including those developed under the National Communications,
NAPAs, National Capacity Self-Assessments, and other related initiatives.
Functional and technical capacities will be developed to create a dynamic and flexible enabling
environment for managing transformational changes, particularly targeting influential stakeholders and
change leaders. Such leaders can become “climate change champions” with the potential of motivating
whole societies to begin taking the challenges of climate change more seriously.
In addition, demonstrations of climate change risk management responses will be implemented to guide
the formulation of appropriate policies. Demonstration projects will stimulate policy discussion and
adjustments beyond traditional sectoral lines to promote innovative thinking and to arrive at more
integrated national adaptation outcomes.
Outcome 4: Financing options to meet national adaptation costs have been expanded at the local,
national, sub-regional and regional levels
With the improved planning tools, institutional frameworks and climate-resilient policies under
development, appropriate financing mechanisms also need to be developed to support adaptation over
the long-run. Economies of scale will be required to encourage investment in multi-sectoral approaches,
policies and programmes. Financing options will therefore be expanded and/or realigned from current
practices to meet national adaptation costs and complement resources emerging through donor
assistance programmes and other channels. Capacities to design and implement financing options will be
developed.
Expected outputs under this outcome include (i) climate-resilient investment plans; (ii) climate-resilient
budget at national, sub-national and local levels; (iii) market/fiscal/financial mechanisms to sustain/scaleup adaptation measures; and (iv) innovative financing instruments such as flood and drought indexes
explored and possibly piloted at the local, national, sub-regional and regional levels.
The extensive expertise UNDP has acquired in the field of public and market based finance, through,
amongst others, the implementation of GEF projects, the development of market-based mechanisms, the
MDG-Carbon Facility, the Payment for Ecosystem services work, the Montreal Protocol, the work on aid
effectiveness, etc. will be brought to bear at the national level through the programme and project
assurance support activities.
Outcome 5: Knowledge on adjusting national development processes to fully incorporate climate
change risks and opportunities is being generated and shared across all levels
The Programme is an opportunity to demonstrate approaches to implementing comprehensive and
integrated approaches to adaptation at the national level. The documenting and sharing of experiences
and lessons learned is therefore a critical element of the Programme. A dedicated knowledge
management system (the Adaptation Learning Mechanism) will be used to encourage knowledge sharing
and dissemination of results through local, national, regional and global fora and networks. Knowledge
management will contribute to developing leadership and institutional capacities. Leadership for results
and other capacity development initiatives will provide a platform for learning. Partnerships will be forged
and harmonised with: (a) key regional initiatives including the annual African Ministers of Finance
Conference, the African Climate Policy Centre being established by the UN Economic Commission for
Africa, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and Clim-DEV Africa; (b) key national
development initiatives including activities to address risks associated with climate variability and (c) key
adaptation programmes supported by UN agencies and other development partners.
Page 17 of 47
In summary, at the end of the Programme (mid-2011), participating countries will have created a national
adaptive system that enables continuous climate change risk management. Enabling environments will
have been established with appropriate policies, frameworks, institutional and human capacities, and
coordination and financial mechanisms. In addition necessary capacities will have been developed at the
national and sub-national levels to routinely integrate climate change risks into development, economic,
poverty reduction, and key sectoral strategies, policies and measures. Key stakeholders at all levels will
have implemented changes in policy, legislation, investment flows, and/or financial instruments. Countries
will have a comprehensive blueprint for attracting the requisite finances and implementing a dynamic,
long-term, and coherent approach to adaptation that cuts across sectors and links national, sub-national,
and community levels. Countries will also have political and social champions who mobilise society to
adapt to climate change.
V.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INTER-REGIONAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT COMPONENT
To support the realization of the overall Programme outcomes, UNDP will support national project teams
with an Inter-Regional Technical Support Component. The expected output to be produced under this
component is to provide inter-regional technical expertise and capacity development support to 21
countries. This output will be achieved through the following activities:
Activity 1: Access to and use of best available data and information on climate variability and
impacts is facilitated to support dynamic, long-term national planning and decision-making
frameworks.
Recognizing constraints to access climate change data and information in developing countries, one of
the key tasks of the inter-regional technical support component will be to provide assistance to countries
in accessing, collecting and analyzing best available data on climate change and its impacts. Scenario
analysis will also be supported, and cooperation established with the UN Environment Programme, World
Meteorological Organization and other relevant monitoring and assessment centres of expertise. The end
goal in providing such data and information will be to facilitate rational decision-making and planning
processes in spite of a certain degree of future uncertainty.
Activity 2: Support is provided to institutional and leadership development in a manner that is
responsive to the unique characteristics and needs of each country.
Under this output countries will be assisted in accordance with their specific circumstances and existing
institutions to mainstream climate change adaptation measures into policies and to strengthen or
establish the institutional mechanisms needed to promote cross-sectoral and multi-sectoral coordination
on climate change risks and opportunities. Lessons will be shared across countries on the development of
comprehensive institutional frameworks in a manner that is responsive to unique circumstances and
needs of each country. The regional technical support component will also facilitate:




leadership development to mentor champions and develop leadership capacities for sustaining
action in the face of climate uncertainty;
The provision of tools and resources for institutional transformation and leadership support;
Sharing good practices between national teams; and
Sharing technical advice, policy and operational support between national teams.
Activity 3: Best practices, experiences and technologies are identified and exchanged among
countries on implementing climate-resilient policies in priority sectors.
Given the programme’s coverage of 21 countries across different parts of the continent, the regional
component will be well placed to help identify best practices, methodologies and procedures in specific
sectors in building adaptive capacity and taking adaptation actions and exchanging these with other
countries facing similar challenges. To do so, the regional component will compile, review and integrate
Page 18 of 47
existing adaptation tools, methods and procedures and develop new ones as required, so that the best
available tools and methods can be made available at the country level. The regional component will also
bring technical expertise and knowledge from other regional and global networks and centres of
excellence to provide necessary support to countries.
Activity 4: Innovative financing options are identified and key partnerships are facilitated at the
national and, sub-regional and regional levels
A key component will relate to financial tools and mechanisms, including knowledge on how to access,
integrate and sequence different sources on climate change funding in support of specific national
objectives. The regional component will actively investigate and share knowledge on innovative financing
options available to support climate risks management and will help countries to establish partnerships
with relevant regional and international organizations. The regional component will also support countries
in developing effective strategies at the national level to engage the private sector and develop strategies
to leverage additional financing for adaptation. Last but not least, the regional component could assist
countries to identify and developed sub-regional and regional innovative financing initiatives such as
insurance-related instruments for the sustainable management of transboundary resources and/or
mitigation of common climate risks.
The regional component will also seek to forge partnerships with key regional initiatives including the
annual African Ministers of Finance Conference, the African Climate Policy Centre being established by
the UN Economic Commission for Africa, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and
Clim-DEV Africa to implement and sustain the above-mentioned initiative; as well as soliciting cooperation
with relevant UN agencies and other development partners at national and regional levels.
Activity 5: Region-wide knowledge and learning mechanism are established to raise awareness,
engage stakeholders, inform decision-makers, and promote exchange and cooperation between
countries
Through the regional component, knowledge exchange and awareness raising on adaptation will be
facilitated across participating countries as well as globally. Knowledge captured from this programme will
be proactively shared with the other regions through global and regional networks such as the Adaptation
Learning Mechanism (ALM), UNDP’s ee-net, and the Programme and Project Assurance Support
Component. The knowledge mechanism will provide targeted support to address knowledge and
awareness needs of specific groups of stakeholders, for example decision-makers, sector experts, private
sector, local communities etc.
Regional workshops will also be organized for the countries that do not have country-level activities under
this Programme to learn lessons from the Programme and exchange their experiences on climate change
adaptation.
The outcomes of the overall programme and the expected output/activities of the 21 national projects and
the regional technical component are summarized in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Programme approach and components
Inter-regional Programme:
Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa
Programme Outcomes:

Countries have introduced dynamic, long-term planning mechanisms to manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change

Countries have built leadership and developed institutional frameworks to manage climate change
risks and opportunities in an integrated manner at the local and national levels
Page 19 of 47

Countries are implementing climate-resilient policies and measures in priority sectors

Financing options to meet national adaptation costs have been expanded at the local, national, subregional and regional levels

Knowledge on adjusting national development processes to fully incorporate climate change risks and
opportunities is being generated and shared across all levels
21 Nationally Executed Projects
Outcomes:
Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
Output:

Inter-regional technical expertise and capacity
development support provided to 21 countries

21 countries with dynamic, long-term
planning mechanisms based on prospective
exercises to manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change
21 countries with improved leadership and
institutional frameworks to manage climate
change risks and opportunities in an
integrated manner at the local and national
levels

21 countries with climate-resilient policies
and measures in priority sectors

21 countries with expanded financing options
to meet national adaptation costs at the local
and national levels

21 countries with knowledge on adjusting
national development processes to fully
incorporate climate change risks and
opportunities
Activities:

Access to the best available data and information
on climate variability and impacts is facilitated to
support dynamic, long-term national planning and
decision-making mechanisms

Support is provided to institutional and leadership
development in a manner responsive to the
unique circumstances and needs of each country

Best practices, experiences and technologies are
identified and exchanged among countries on
implementing climate-resilient policies in priority
sectors

Innovative financing options are identified and
key partnerships are facilitated at the national
and, subregional and regional levels

Region-wide knowledge and learning mechanism
are established to raise awareness, engage
stakeholders, inform decision-makers, and
promote exchange and cooperation between
countries
More information on the Preliminary Work Plan and Initiation Plan is provided in Annex 4.
Page 20 of 47
VI.
RESULTS AND RESOURCES FRAMEWORK
Results and Resources Framework for the Overall Programme
INTENDED OUTPUTS
INDICATORS
21 African countries
adjust national
development processes
to fully incorporate
climate change
Nature of national
development processes
Inter-regional technical
expertise and capacity
development support
provided to 21 countries
Availability of best
available
data/information on
climate variability and
impacts
BASELINE
TARGET
SOURCES OF
VERIFICATION
National development
processes do not fully
incorporate climate
change risks /
opportunities
21 African countries
adjust national
development processes
to fully incorporate
climate change
Programme Evaluation
$ 73.23million
Relevant technical
expertise and capacity
development support not
readily available to
countries
Relevant technical
expertise and capacity
development support
readily available to
countries
Programme Evaluation
$ 8.96 million
Availability of tailored
support to institutional
and leadership
development
Availability of
information on best
practices, experiences
and technologies
Availability of
information on
innovative financing
options
Availability of knowledge
through
knowledge/learning
mechanism
Page 21 of 47
INPUTS
INTENDED OUTPUTS
INDICATORS
Programme and project
assurance support
provided by UNDP
Effectiveness of support
to national projects
Quality and timeliness of
technical expert support
BASELINE
No programme and
project assurance in
place
TARGET
SOURCES OF
VERIFICATION
21 African country
projects deliver quality
outputs on time, on
scope and on budget
INPUTS
Programme Evaluation
$ 4.11 million
Donor response
$ 5.76 million
Technical experts and
tools delivered on time,
on scope and on budget
General management
support (GMS) provided
by UNDP
Satisfaction of
programme donor with
quality and timeliness of
reporting
No reporting
High quality timely
reporting
Overall Programme
Total
$ 92.1 million
Page 22 of 47
Results and Resources Framework for the National Component
INTENDED OUTPUTS
INDICATORS
BASELINE
TARGET
SOURCES OF
VERIFICATION
1. 21 countries with dynamic,
long-term planning
mechanisms based on
prospective exercises to
manage the inherent
uncertainties of climate change
Countries have long-term
planning mechanism to
manage the uncertainties
of climate change
Countries have conducted
long term planning
exercises to manage
climate change
Existing country
mechanisms do not
incorporate climate
change uncertainties
Countries have not
conducted climate
change related long
term planning
exercises
21 countries have tools
available
2. 21 countries with improved
leadership capacities and
institutional frameworks to
manage climate change risks
and opportunities in an
integrated manner at the local
and national levels
Countries have leadership
and comprehensive
institutional frameworks to
manage climate change
risks / opportunities
Country institutional
frameworks not well
adapted to manage
climate change risks /
opportunities
3. 21 countries with climateresilient policies and measures
in priority sectors
Countries have in place
climate-resilient policies
and measures in priority
sectors
4. 21 countries with expanded
financing options to meet
national adaptation costs at
the local and national levels
Countries have a variety
of financing options to
meet national adaptation
costs
RISKS AND
ASSUMPTIONS
INPUTS
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
tbd
21 countries have
adjusted their institutional
frameworks to better
manage climate change
risks/opportunities
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
tbd
Countries have few or
no climate-resilient
policies or measures in
place in priority sectors
21 countries have put in
place some policies and
measures
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
tbd
Countries rely
exclusively on public
budgets to meet
adaptation costs
21 countries have at
least 1 alternative source
of financing available to
help meet national
adaptation costs
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
tbd
21 countries have
conducted long term
planning exercises
Page 23 of 47
INTENDED OUTPUTS
5. 21 countries with
knowledge on adjusting
national development
processes to fully incorporate
climate change risks and
opportunities
INDICATORS
Countries are sharing
knowledge on adjusting
national development
processes to fully
incorporate climate
risks/opportunities
BASELINE
Countries are working
largely alone
TARGET
SOURCES OF
VERIFICATION
significant exchange
going on between
countries on how to
adjust development
policies to incorporate
climate change risks /
opportunities
RISKS AND
ASSUMPTIONS
Country project
evaluations
INPUTS
tbd
Component
Total:
Programme
evaluations
$73,269,140
Results and Resources Framework for the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
Output: Inter-regional technical expertise and capacity development support provided to 21 countries
ACTIVITIES
QUALITY CRITERIA
BASELINE
TARGET
SOURCES OF VERIFICATION
1. Access to the best
available data and information
on climate variability and
impacts is facilitated to support
dynamic, long-term national
planning and decision-making
mechanisms
Availability to countries of
data on climate change
and its impacts
Ability of countries to
develop robust alternative
development scenarios
incorporating climate
change
Data on country level
climate change and its
impacts unavailable or
too general to be of
value
Countries do not have
the ability to develop
robust scenarios
21 countries have access
to detailed climate
change data and its
impacts
21 countries have
developed robust
alternative development
scenarios which
incorporate climate
change
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
$1,255,000
2. Support is provided to
institutional and leadership
development in a manner
responsive to the unique
circumstances and needs of
each country
Availability and relevance
of technical expertise and
capacity development
support for developing
institutional frameworks to
manage climate change
risks/opportunities
No relevant technical
expertise and capacity
development support
for developing
institutional
frameworks to manage
climate change
risks/opportunities
21 countries have access
to relevant technical
expertise and capacity
development support for
developing institutional
frameworks to manage
climate change
risks/opportunities
Annual country
project reports
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
$1,150,000
Page 24 of 47
RISKS AND
ASSUMPTIONS
INPUTS
Output: Inter-regional technical expertise and capacity development support provided to 21 countries
ACTIVITIES
QUALITY CRITERIA
BASELINE
TARGET
SOURCES OF VERIFICATION
RISKS AND
ASSUMPTIONS
INPUTS
3. Best practices,
experiences and technologies
are identified and exchanged
among countries on
implementing climate-resilient
policies in priority sectors
Availability of information
on country experience in
designing and
implementing climateresilient policies
Little or no information
available on country
experience and very
difficult to find
Significant amounts of
information readily
available
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
$1,150,000
4. Innovative financing
options are identified and key
partnerships are facilitated at
the national and, subregional
and regional levels
Availability of information
on innovative financing
options to meet national
adaptation costs
Little or no information
readily available to
African countries
Information readily
available in at least 21
African countries
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
$1,730,000
5. Region-wide knowledge
and learning mechanism are
established to raise
awareness, engage
stakeholders, inform decisionmakers, and promote
exchange and cooperation
between countries
Availability of knowledge
on adjusting national
development processes to
fully incorporate climate
risks/opportunities
Little knowledge
available
A wide range of
knowledge is easily
available to African
countries
Country project
evaluations
Programme
evaluations
$ 3,675,000
Page 25 of 47
Component
Total:
$ 8,963,000
VII.
TOTAL BUDGET AND WORK PLAN FOR THE INTER-REGIONAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT COMPONENT
Award ID:
00051375
Award Title:
PIMS 4240 Inter-regional Technical Support Component: Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change
Adaptation in Africa
Business Unit:
EEG
Project Title:
PIMS 4240 Inter-regional Technical Support Component: Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change
Adaptation in Africa
Project Objective:
To support 21 African projects which are helping the countries adjust their national development processes to fully incorporate
climate change risks/opportunities
Implementing Partner
(Executing Agency)
UNOPS
Output/Atlas
Activity
Responsib
le Party
Fund ID
Donor
ACTIVITY 1:
Access to the best
available data and
information on climate
variability and
impacts is facilitated
UNOPS
tbd
Japan
Atlas
Account
Code
UNOPS
tbd
Amount
Year 1
(USD)
Amount
Year 2
(USD)
Amount
Year 3
(USD)
Total (USD)
61300
Project Staff
$202,000
$208,000
$214,000
$624,000
71300
Local
Consultants
$ 24,000
$ 25,000
$ 26,000
$ 75,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 19,000
$ 50,000
$ 20,000
$ 89,000
71600
Travel
$ 64,000
$ 70,000
$60,000
$ 194,000
72100
Contractual
services
$ 35,000
$ 55,000
$ 65,000
$ 155,000
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$ 40,000
$ 35,000
$ 43,000
$ 118,000
Total Activity 1
$384,000
$ 443,000
$428,000
$1,255,000
61300
Project Staff
$ 202,000
$ 208,000
$214,000
$ 624,000
71300
Local
Consultants
$ 24,000
$25,000
$ 26,000
$ 75,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 19,000
$50,000
$ 20,000
$ 89,000
71600
Travel
$ 64,000
$70,000
$ 60,000
$ 194,000
ACTIVITY 2:
Support is provided to
institutional and
leadership
development
Atlas Budget
Description
Japan
Page 26 of 47
See
Budget
Note:
Output/Atlas
Activity
Responsib
le Party
Fund ID
Donor
Atlas
Account
Code
UNOPS
tbd
Japan
ACTIVITY 5:
UNOPS
UNOPS
tbd
tbd
Japan
Japan
Amount
Year 2
(USD)
Amount
Year 3
(USD)
Total (USD)
0
0
$50,000
$ 50,000
Contractual
services
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$ 40,000
$ 35,000
$ 43,000
$ 118,000
Total Activity 2
$ 349,000
$388,000
$ 413,000
$ 1,150,000
61300
Project Staff
$202,000
$ 208,000
$ 214,000
$624,000
71300
Local
Consultants
$ 24,000
$ 25,000
$ 26,000
$ 75,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 19,000
$ 50,000
$ 20,000
$ 89,000
71600
Travel
$64,000
$ 70,000
$ 60,000
$ 194,000
72100
Contractual
services
0
0
$ 50,000
$50,000
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$40,000
$35,000
$ 43,000
$ 118,000
Total Activity 3
$ 349,000
$ 388,000
$ 413,000
$ 1,150,000
61300
Project Staff
$ 202,000
$ 208,000
$ 214,000
$ 624,000
71300
Local
Consultants
$ 24,000
$ 25,000
$ 26,000
$ 75,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 19,000
$ 50,000
$ 20,000
$ 89,000
71600
Travel
$ 64,000
$ 70,000
$ 60,000
$ 14,000
72100
Contractual
services
$ 120,000
$ 290,000
$ 220,000
$630,000
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$ 40,000
$ 35,000
$ 43,000
$ 118,000
Total Activity 4
$ 469,000
$ 678,000
$ 583,000
$ 1,730,000
Project Staff
$ 202,000
$ 208,000
$ 214,000
$ 624,000
ACTIVITY 4:
Innovative financing
options are identified
and key partnerships
are facilitated at the
national and,
subregional and
regional levels
Amount
Year 1
(USD)
72100
ACTIVITY 3:
Best practices,
experiences and
technologies are
identified and
exchanged among
countries
Atlas Budget
Description
61300
Page 27 of 47
See
Budget
Note:
Output/Atlas
Activity
Responsib
le Party
Fund ID
Donor
Region-wide
knowledge and
learning mechanism
are established to
raise awareness,
engage stakeholders,
inform decisionmakers, and promote
exchange and
cooperation between
countries
Totals
UNOPS
tbd
Japan
Atlas
Account
Code
Atlas Budget
Description
Amount
Year 1
(USD)
Amount
Year 2
(USD)
Amount
Year 3
(USD)
Total (USD)
71300
Local
Consultants
$ $24,000
$ 25,000
$ 26,000
$ 75,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 19,000
$ 50,000
$ 20,000
$ 89,000
71600
Travel
$ 64,000
$ 70,000
$ 60,000
$ 194,000
72100
Contractual
services
$980,000
$ 430,000
$ 1,165,000
$ 2,575,000
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$ 40,000
$ 35,000
$ 43,000
$ 118,000
Total Activity 5
$ 1,329,000
$ 818,000
$ 1,528,000
$ 3,675,000
61300
Project Staff
$ 1,010,000
$ 1,040,000
$ 1,070,000
$ 3,120,000
71300
Local
Consultants
$ 120,000
$ 125,000
$ 130,000
$ 375,000
71400
Contractual
services - Indiv
$ 95,000
$ 250,000
$ 100,000
$ 445,000
71600
Travel
$ 320,000
$350,000
$300,000
$ 970,000
72100
Contractual
services
$ 1,135,000
$ 775,000
$ 1,552,000
$ 3,462,000
72200
Equipment,
materials, etc
$200,000
$ 175,000
$ 215,000
$ 590,000
$ 2,881,000
$ 2,715, 000
$ 3,367,000
$ 8,963,000
Total
Page 28 of 47
See
Budget
Note:
VIII. MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
A Programme Board will provide overall leadership and direction to the programme, review financial
delivery, review programme-wide progress, and advise on coordination with relevant other programmes
and activities. It will be composed of:
Co-chairs:
- The RBA regional director or his/her representative;
- The RBAS regional director or his/her representative;
- The Director BDP/EEG or his/her representative;
Members will include:
- 1 representative of the Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery;
- 1 representative from the Partnership Bureau;
- 2 representative from participating African countries and one from a participating country in RBAS
- Members of other BDP practices as relevant.
Observers might include:
- Representative from UNFCCC
- Representatives from major donors active in the field of adaptation in the region;
- Representatives from major international organisations active in the field of adaptation such as
the GEF, WB, Development Banks and EC
- Representative from relevant NGO, private sector groups;
Additional members may be invited at the discretion of the Board.
The Programme Board will also serve as the Project Board for the Inter-regional Technical Support
Component in accordance with the provisions of the UNDP User Guide. As the Project Board it will review
and appraise the Component’s Annual Work Plans and reports, commission evaluations, and make
revisions to the component as necessary. For the purposes of the Inter-regional Technical Support
Component the BDP/EEG Director will serve as Executive, the Regional Directors of RBA and RBAS as
Senior Beneficiaries, and a representative of UNOPS will serve as Senior Supplier.
The Board will appoint a Programme Manager who will serve as both the coordinator for the overall
programme as well as Project Manager for the regional component. The Programme Manager will be
responsible for delivering the programme, including: programme coordination; leading the implementation
of Programme activities; facilitation of technical support to country-level projects; financial management;
knowledge exchange; and reporting, in addition to management of the regional component.
As a project staff member, the Programme Manager will report to the co-chairs of the Programme Board the Regional Directors of RBA and RBAS, and the Director of BDP / Environment and Energy, who will
be jointly accountable to UNDP and the Government of Japan for the entire programme. In accordance
with standing UNDP procedures, the EEG Climate Change Adaptation team (through the three Regional
Technical Advisors working on climate change adaptation in the regions and sub-regions covered by this
project) will assist the 21 Country Offices in ensuring that the programme delivers on time, on scope and
on budget. In other words, the Programme Manager will be in charge of programme implementation while
RBA, RBAS, and BDP/EEG will provide oversight and monitoring in programme and project formulation
and implementation. The Programme Manager will submit formal reports to the Board on a quarterly basis
for strategic guidance.
The Programme Manager will also coordinate closely with the RBA and RBAS Programme Advisors on
a day-to-day basis to ensure that the programme is anchored in the existing UNDP system and provides
coherent, comprehensive support to countries.
Page 29 of 47
The Programme Manager will also directly supervise a small team of Inter-Regional Technical Experts
composed of specialists in each of:





Climate Change impacts, data collection and analysis
Institutional and leadership development
Adaptation technologies
Innovative financing and partnerships
Knowledge management
together with necessary administrative staff for a Project Support team for the regional component.
Summary Terms of Reference for the technical experts and programme support team are detailed in
Annex 5. These Inter-Regional Technical Experts will coordinate closely with Policy/Programme Advisors
of Other Practice Areas, such as Capacity Development Group (CDG) Policy Advisors and Gender
Advisors, as needed.
At country levels each national project will similarly have National Project Boards and National Project
Managers. UNDP Programme Managers in country offices will provide Project Assurance, with the
technical policy and programme implementation support of the Regional Technical Advisors (RTAs)
serving Africa and the Arab states.
At the inter-regional level Programme Assurance is the responsibility of all members of the Programme
Board. Responsibility for Project Assurance for the regional component will be delegated to the
BDP/EEG Director who will, in addition, ensure the provision of the standard EEG implementation support
services to UNDP country offices in the design and implementation of national projects and activities
including sourcing of technical expertise and institutional partners; verification, validation and quality
assurance of technical reports, project design, indicators, monitoring and results; and general advisory
services and troubleshooting.
The Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery will provide additional technical backstopping to countries
that choose to address risks associated with climate variability, in harmony with BCPR’s national
programmes.
Figure 2: Programme Supervision, Assurance and Implementation
Implementation /
Execution
Programme and
Project Assurance
Programme
Supervision
National Project
Teams
UNDP Country
Offices
Co-chairs
Programme Board
Inter-regional
Project Technical
Experts
Technical Policy
& Programme
Advisors
Page 30 of 47
IX.
MONITORING FRAMEWORK AND EVALUATION
Programme and project monitoring and evaluation will be conducted in accordance with established
UNDP and EEG procedures and will be provided by a combination of: the national project teams, the
regional programme manager, and the UNDP Country Offices with support from EEG Technical Policy
and Programme Advisors. The Results and Resources Framework (Section III) provides performance and
impact indicators for the overall programme, together with those for the regional component, along with
their corresponding baseline and target values. These provide the basis on which both the programme’s
and the regional components Monitoring and Evaluation Plan will be built. The reports and reviews
prepared will be submitted to the Government of Japan.
1.
Programme and project inception
Inception Workshops. Two sets of Inception Workshops will be held. At the national level each national
project will conduct its own inception workshop involving the staff of each national team, national
technical experts, other government partners, financing partners, UNDP country office staff, the
programme manager, and with the support of regional technical advisors. At the regional programme
level an inter-regional workshop will be conducted involving all the national team leaders, inter-regional
technical experts, together with relevant government counterparts, financing partners, UNDP country
office staff, regional bureau staff and staff from the headquarters and regional levels.
Inception Workshops will assist all programme and project partners to fully understand and take
ownership of the programme and project’s goals and objectives, as well as their own roles and
responsibilities. The inception workshops should be used to finalize preparation of the first annual work
plans, review and agree more precise indicators, targets and their means of verification, and recheck
assumptions and risks. Monitoring, reporting and evaluation targets, processes and responsibilities
should also be reviewed, detailed and agreed along with budgets, financial reporting procedures and
obligations, and arrangements for annual audit.
The Inception Report will include a more detailed narrative on the institutional roles, responsibilities,
coordinating actions and feedback mechanisms of project related partners. In addition, a section will be
included on progress to date on project establishment and start-up activities and an update of any
changed external conditions that may effect project implementation.
2.
Quarterly reporting
Quarterly financial and progress reports for both the national projects and the regional programme will be
reviewed by country offices and EEG. Specifically:





An Issue Log shall be activated in Atlas and updated by the Programme Manager/National Project
Managers to facilitate tracking and resolution of potential problems or requests for change.
Based on the initial risk analysis submitted, a risk log shall be activated in Atlas and regularly updated
by reviewing the external environment that may affect the project implementation.
Based on the above information recorded in Atlas, a Project Progress Report (PPR) shall be
submitted by the Programme Manager to the Project Board and the National Project Managers to the
National Project Boards through Project Assurance, using the standard report format available in the
Executive Snapshot.
A Project Lesson-learned log shall be activated and regularly updated to ensure on-going learning
and adaptation within the organization, and to facilitate the preparation of the Lessons-learned Report
at the end of the project.
A Monitoring Schedule Plan shall be activated in Atlas and updated to track key management
actions/events.
Page 31 of 47
3.
Annual reporting
Annual Monitoring will be carried out in accordance with normal UNDP procedures.

Annual Review Report. An Annual Review Report shall be prepared by the Programme Manager and
shared with the Project Board and the National Project Managers and shared with the National
Project Board. As minimum requirement, the Annual Review Report shall consist of the Atlas
standard format for the Quarterly Progress Report (QPR) covering the whole year with updated
information for each above element of the QPR as well as a summary of results achieved against predefined annual targets at the output level.

Annual Project Review. Based on the above report, an annual project review shall be conducted
during the fourth quarter of the year or soon after, to assess the performance of the project and
appraise the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for the following year. In the last year, this review will be a final
assessment. The national review is driven by the Project Board and may involve other stakeholders
as required. It shall focus on the extent to which progress is being made towards outputs, and that
these remain aligned to appropriate outcomes. The regional review is driven by the Project Board.
The Programme and Project Boards will meet once every year to review progress against the previous
year’s Annual Work Programme through an Annual Project (or Programme) report, approve the Work
Programme for the forthcoming year, and discuss any policy or overall issues requiring attention.
Programme and Project Implementing Partners (Executing Agencies) will provide UNDP with certified
periodic financial statements, and with an annual audit of the financial statements relating to the status of
UNDP funds according to the established procedures set out in the Programming and Finance manuals.
The Audit will be conducted by the legally recognized auditor of the Government, or by a commercial
auditor engaged by the Government.
4.
Periodic monitoring and reporting
Periodic monitoring visits will be made by UNDP country office and EEG staff as appropriate or as
required. Additional reports may be produced by the programme or projects, or as requested by the
Programme or Project Board.
5.
Independent evaluation
An independent Final Evaluation will take place three months prior to the final meeting of the Programme
Board. It will assess the progress made towards the achievement of outcomes as well as the
effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness of project implementation and will present an assessment of
lessons learned about project design, implementation and management. The final evaluation will also
look at the overall impact of the programme and the likely sustainability of results. The Final Evaluation
should also provide recommendations for follow-up activities.
6.
Programme terminal report
During the last three months of the programme the programme manager will prepare the Programme
Terminal Report. This comprehensive report will summarize all activities, achievements and outputs of the
Programme, lessons learnt, objectives met, or not achieved, structures and systems implemented,
financial inputs and expenditures, etc. and will be the definitive statement of the Programmes activities
during its lifetime. It will also lay out recommendations for any further steps that may need to be taken to
ensure sustainability and replicability of the Programme’s results.
Page 32 of 47
X.
LEGAL CONTEXT
The project document shall be the instrument envisaged in the Supplemental Provisions to the Project
Document, attached hereto.
Agreements. Any additional agreements, such as cost sharing agreements, project cooperation
agreements signed with NGOs 2 (where the NGO is designated as the “executing entity”) should be
attached.
Special Clauses. In case of government cost-sharing through the project which is not within the CPAP,
the following clauses should be included:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The schedule of payments and UNDP bank account details.
The value of the payment, if made in a currency other than United States dollars, shall be
determined by applying the United Nations operational rate of exchange in effect on the date of
payment. Should there be a change in the United Nations operational rate of exchange prior to
the full utilization by the UNDP of the payment, the value of the balance of funds still held at that
time will be adjusted accordingly. If, in such a case, a loss in the value of the balance of funds is
recorded, UNDP shall inform the Government with a view to determining whether any further
financing could be provided by the Government. Should such further financing not be available,
the assistance to be provided to the project may be reduced, suspended or terminated by UNDP.
The above schedule of payments takes into account the requirement that the payments shall be
made in advance of the implementation of planned activities. It may be amended to be consistent
with the progress of project delivery.
UNDP shall receive and administer the payment in accordance with the regulations, rules and
directives of UNDP.
All financial accounts and statements shall be expressed in United States dollars.
If unforeseen increases in expenditures or commitments are expected or realized (whether owing
to inflationary factors, fluctuation in exchange rates or unforeseen contingencies), UNDP shall
submit to the government on a timely basis a supplementary estimate showing the further
financing that will be necessary. The Government shall use its best endeavors to obtain the
additional funds required.
If the payments referred above are not received in accordance with the payment schedule, or if
the additional financing required in accordance with paragraph above is not forthcoming from the
Government or other sources, the assistance to be provided to the project under this Agreement
may be reduced, suspended or terminated by UNDP.
Any interest income attributable to the contribution shall be credited to UNDP Account and shall
be utilized in accordance with established UNDP procedures.
In accordance with the decisions and directives of UNDP's Executive Board:
The contribution shall be charged:
(a)
[…%]cost recovery for the provision of general management support (GMS) by UNDP
headquarters and country offices
(b)
Direct cost for implementation support services (ISS) provided by UNDP and/or an
executing entity/implementing partner.
Ownership of equipment, supplies and other properties financed from the contribution shall vest in
UNDP. Matters relating to the transfer of ownership by UNDP shall be determined in accordance
with the relevant policies and procedures of UNDP.
The contribution shall be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures
provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP.
2
For GEF projects, the agreement with any NGO pre-selected to be the main contractor should include the rationale
for such an arrangement.
Page 33 of 47
Annex 1: Relevant Ongoing Programmes and Projects
Food Security
Sudan
Ethiopia,
Mozambique,
Zimbabwe
Niger
Eritrea
Malawi
Zambia
Benin
Building Resilience in the Agriculture and Water Sectors to the Adverse Impacts of
Climate Change (UNDP)
Coping with Drought and Climate Change - Develop and Pilot a Range of Coping
Mechanisms for Reducing the Vulnerability of Farmers and Pastoralists to Future
Climate Shocks (UNDP)
Building Resilience and Adaptive Capacity of the Agriculture Sector to Climate
Change (UNDP)
Adapting Livestock Management to Climate Change in the North Western Lowlands
of Eritrea - Enhance Adaptive Capacity of Livestock Production Systems in the
Kerkebet area (UNDP)
Climate Adaptation for Rural Livelihoods and Agriculture (African Development Bank)
Adaptation to the Effects of Drought and Climate Change in Agro-ecological Zone 1
and 2 (UNDP)
Integrated Adaptation Programme to Combat the Effects of Climate Change on
Agricultural Production and Food Security in Benin (UNDP)
Water
Sudan
Cape Verde
Mauritania
Building Resilience in the Agriculture and Water Sectors to the Adverse Impacts of
Climate Change (UNDP)
Building Resilience in the Agriculture and Water Sectors to the Adverse Impacts of
Climate Change (UNDP)
Reducing Vulnerability of Arid Oasian Zones to Climate Change and Variability
through Improved Watershed Management (UNEP)
Health
Kenya (and other non
African countries)
Piloting Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health (WHO,UNDP)
Disaster Risk Management
Global
Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (CADRI)
Mozambique
Integrating Adaptation to Climate Change within Disaster Risk Management Systems
in the Búzi River Catchment Area and other regions of Southern Africa (GTZ)
Workshops on Adaptation and National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) in
Southern and Eastern Africa (UNEP)
Enhancing National and Local Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDP Bureau
for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR))
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Management of Urban Planning and
Governance in Africa through the African Urban Risk Analysis Network (UNDP
BCPR, IIED)
Southern and Eastern
Africa
Malawi, Lesotho,
Burundi
Ghana, Algeria,
South Africa,
Tanzania , Kenya,
Senegal
DRC , Rwanda
Mozambique
Swaziland
Inter-agency Cooperation for Disaster Reduction in the Goma North Kive area DRC
(UNDP BCPR)
Strengthening Local Risk Management and Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction
(UNDP BCPR)
Strengthening National and Local Resilience to Disaster Risks in Swaziland (UNDP
BCPR)
Madagascar
Strengthening the Implementation of the National Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
Strategy in Madagascar (UNDP BCPR)
Niger
Recovery Support and Long-term Development to Deal with the Humanitarian Crisis in
Niger (UNDP BCPR)
Coastal Development
Senegal, Gambia,
Mauritania, Guinea-
West African Shorelines - Develop Effective Coping Mechanisms for Reducing
Impact of Climate Change Induced Coastal Erosion (UNDP)
Page 34 of 47
Bissau , Cape Verde
Guinea
Increased Resilience and Adaptation to Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in
Guinea's Vulnerable Coastal Zones (UNDP)
Financing
Throughout Africa
Throughout Africa
Financing Framework for Meeting MDG Targets and Supporting Public Finance
Frameworks to Integrate Adaptation Costs (UNDP Poverty Group)
Capacity Development Projects: Assessing and Developing Policy Options for
Addressing Climate Change (UNDP)
Cross-cutting
Niger, Morocco
Kenya
Community-based Adaptation: Enhance Resiliency of Communities and/or the
Ecosystems to Climate Change Impacts (UNDP)
Coping with Drought and Climate Change (Kenya Adaptation to Climate Change in
Arid Lands (KACCAL)/WB)
Morocco,
Madagascar, South
Africa, Ethiopia,
Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, Malawi,
Tanzania, Kenya,
Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central
African Republic,
DRC, Nigeria,
Senegal
Mozambique,
Rwanda, Kenya
Nigeria, Ghana,
Niger, Mali, Tunisia,
Malawi, Kenya,
Tanzania, Ghana,
Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Ethiopia,
South Africa
Climate Change Adaptation in Africa – Research and Capacity Development
Program (DFID/ The International Development Research Centre (IDRC))
Senegal, Burkina
Faso, Tanzania,
Uganda
Cape Verde
Climate Change and Development – Adapting by Reducing Vulnerability –
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development Decision-making
Tunisia
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Mozambique,
Tanzania , Zambia
Adaptation to Climate Change in Eastern and Southern Africa – Capacity
Development, Institutional Strengthening, Mainstreaming (UNEP/Norway)
Advancing Capacity to Support Climate Change Adaptation – Mainstreaming into
Poverty Reduction Strategies (UNITAR/NGOs)
Mainstreaming Climate Change Risks into National Development Policies and UNDP
Development Assistance
Climate Protection Programme for Developing Countries – Mainstreaming Climate
into Development Activities (GTZ)
Strengthening Adaptation Capacities and Reducing the Vulnerability to Climate
Change (African Development Bank, UNDP)
Enhancing Climate Risk Management and Adaptation (African Development
Bank/UNDP)
Climate Change and Development: Recognizing the Role of Forest and Water
Resources in the Climate Change Adaptation (Government of Finland, IUCN)
Kenya, Mali,
Mauritania,
Mozambique,
Rwanda, Tanzania,
Uganda
Cape Verde, Malawi
Poverty Environment Initiative (PEI) : mainstreaming poverty-environment linkages
(UNDP,UNEP)
Throughout Africa
Climate for Development in Africa Programme (UN Economic Commission for Africa
(ECA))
Throughout Africa
Quantification of costs and benefits of adaptation (DFID)
Integrating climate change risks into national development processes (UNDP)
Page 35 of 47
Annex 2: UNDP Adaptation Approach
Page 36 of 47
Annex 3: UNDP Tools and Resources
The UNDP/BDP/EEG Climate Change Adaptation team has finalised, or is developing, numerous tools
that will support countries from project development and implementation through to monitoring and
evaluation.
1. Adaptation Policy Frameworks (APF) for Climate Change: Provides a structured approach to
formulating and implementing adaptation strategies, policies and measures to ensure human
development in the face of climate variability and change. The APF links adaptation to sustainable
development and global environmental issues and can be used for formulating and designing
adaptation-related projects, or for exploring the potential to add adaptation considerations to other
types of projects. Projects can focus on any population scale, from the village to the national level
(http://www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/apf.html).
2. Operational Guidance for Climate Change Adaptation: Describes the current development baseline,
current vulnerabilities to climate hazards, and future climate risks for the thematic areas of agriculture
and food security, water resources and quality, public health, disaster risk management, coastal zone
development, and natural resources, drawing upon the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Possible adaptation strategies, policies
and measures are described for each thematic area (May/June 2008).
3. Country Adaptation Profiles: Initially designed to assist UNDP Country Offices and Regional
Technical Advisors in developing adaptation proposals that were integrated into broader development
planning, the profiles are now publicly available on the Adaptation Learning Mechanism website. A
large range of adaptation information is captured that assists with 1) providing a platform with national
stakeholders can share information and 2) illustrating the structured thinking necessary for planning
robust adaptation programmes (http://www.adaptationlearning.net/profiles/).
4. Country-level climate risk profiles 3: Assist countries to identify their climate risks and management
options by analysing observed trends in key climate variables and projected future changes using the
latest climate model outputs which were assessed in the IPCC AR4. Underlying datasets, narratives
of observed trends and projected changes and guidance notes on the appropriate application will be
prepared (60 country profiles by end August 2008).
5. Guidance and resource document on climate information for adaptation planning: Analyses what
climate information is really required for the different tasks of climate risk management and within
different contexts. Current state of the availability and robustness of climate information and key
sources of data are summarised to provide a quick guide for adaptation researchers and practitioners
(September 2008).
6. Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Adaptation to Climate Change: Describes how to define
portfolio- and project-level indicators for adaptation that are applicable across all thematic areas and
link programme objectives to the MDGs (May/June 2008).
(http://www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/downloads/Adaptation_ME_DRAFT_July.pdf)
Another important resource will be the UNDP-implemented GEF Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM).
The ALM (www.adaptationlearning.net/) includes the Country Adaptation Profiles (noted above), case
studies and lessons learned, learning templates, and a resources database.
3
Co-funded by DFID.
Page 37 of 47
Annex 4: Preliminary Work Plan and Initiation Plan
The three-year Programme will be operationalised in the following seven key areas, in two phases. The
first phase will last for three months, governed by the following Initiation Plan. The second phase is full
programme implementation, which is expected to last for 33 months.
Initiation Plan (3 months)
1. Recruitment, missions and consultations
UNDP has undertaken some preliminary work related to helping countries develop their national
programmes. This work has included initiating discussions with concerned stakeholders, identifying a
number of potential consultants, developing a preliminary schedule of project design missions, etc.
UNDP will need to support the following urgent activities:
Table 1: List of urgent activities to be initiated as soon as possible
Activities
Timeline
To be funded from Inter-Regional Technical Support Component :
Recruit the Programme Manager (L6) and Institutional and
14 Dec
Leadership Development Expert (L4) (HR costs for 2008)
SUB-TOTAL
To be funded from Country Projects:**
Contract 1 national and 1 international consultants for each
20 Dec
country (21 countries x $15,000)
Arrange travel and DSA (1 international consultant x 21
Jan - Mar
countries x $5,000)
Organise stakeholder consultations (1 meeting x 21
Jan - Mar
countries x $5,000)
SUB-TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
Est. Cost
(US$)
80,000
80,000
315,000
105,000
105,000
525,000
605,000
** An advance of up to US$ 25,000 per country will be provided to facilitate the formulation
of country Project Documents, as detailed above. This advance will be recovered from the
final budget of the approved project under “formulation costs”.
2. Development of national projects (Dec –Mar 2008)
The above staff, consultants and country missions will support governments in reviewing key
documentation, consulting with relevant stakeholders, and preparing a national programme, including a
standard UNDP project document.
Key partners in the development of the project document will include: the UNFCCC National Focal Point
and key sectoral and development Ministries, including the Ministry of Finance, Planning, Agriculture,
Water and the like. A variety of interactive and consultative processes will be used including local and
national stakeholder workshops to bring parties together and ensure consensus.
As climate change adaptation is intricately related to overall development issues, countries may choose
to link their national programmes with other activities, including ones for disaster risk reduction, capacity
development, gender, etc. Any appropriate partnerships, for example through the UNCT, should be spelt
out during the development of national programmes according to country demand.
Page 38 of 47
The development of national projects will start for all 21 programme countries from December
2008/January 2009. The implementation of national projects will start as soon as a country: a) produces a
project document that meets UNDP’s quality standards; and b) is confirmed for project start-up by the
Government of Japan.
Implementation Phase (33 months)
3. Implementation of national programmes (Apr 2009 onwards)
There will be two steps to national implementation:
Step 1:
In-depth analysis of adaptation and capacity development requirements (2 months) and
validation of adaptation interventions (2 months)
Step 2:
Implementation of interventions and application of knowledge/lessons learned (29 months)
In step 1, based on the scope of national outputs outlined in the approved project document, country will
conduct the following mandatory activities:
 Set the stage: Countries will identify optimal entry points for adaptation activities (e.g.
economic/trade/labour/poverty reduction policies), and link adaptation activities to national
development goals and the MDGs.
 Formally engage stakeholders: Stakeholder consultations should be organised to ensure that
national adaptation priorities are decided through broad stakeholder agreement by engaging
Ministries, the private sector, NGOs, and civil society, including ensuring the effective
representation on gender issues, in national dialogues.
 Mapping of capacity: Technical and functional capacities necessary for climate change
risk/opportunity management should be mapped. A long-term capacity development programme
should be developed.
 Identification of fit with and linkages to existing processes, programmes and projects: Proposed
national activities should build on existing national development processes and programming
such as National Communications, MDG Fund related activities, NAPAs and follow-up adaptation
projects. In addition, outputs should align with UN programming documents (such as UNDAF).
 Evaluate & validate proposed adaptation interventions: A national-level Project Board will review
the annual workplan and proposed adaptation interventions and suggest adjustments before the
country moves on to full-scale implementation.
4. Provision of tools and resources to support formulation & implementation (Dec 08 - )
A suite of tools and resources to support countries during project development, implementation and
monitoring and evaluation will be made available by UNDP. The tools and resources include, among
others: the Adaptation Policy Frameworks (APF) for Climate Change; a Programming Paper for Climate
Change Adaptation; a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Adaptation Initiatives; Thematic Area
Papers on key adaptation strategies, policies and measures; Quality Standards Guidance for
Programming on Adaptation; Programme and Project Assurance Tool for Programming on Adaptation;
and country adaptation profiles (available through the Adaptation Learning Mechanism). For more
information on these tools, see Annex 2.
5. Technical and policy assistance & operational backstopping (Dec 08 - )
The Programme will support countries with any technical, policy, or operational issues in order to ensure
that Programme activities benefit from exchange of national experience between countries as well as
knowledge sharing with other key relevant ongoing or forthcoming regional and global initiatives. In
addition to programme staff, additional expertise may be sourced from regional experts and centres of
excellence, as required. The Programme will organise regional workshops around shared issues/themes
to discuss approaches and methodologies and enhance regional networking and capacity development.
Other African countries will be invited to attend these workshops, as relevant.
Page 39 of 47
6. Capacity development (Dec 08 - )
Capacity development activities will be undertaken at national, regional and global levels that catalyse
transformative changes and promote sustained results of activities. Capacity development activities will
also encourage co-ordination both within the programme and with other adaptation initiatives and
programmes. The knowledge and expertise of UNDP Capacity Development Group and BCPR will be
brought to bear as and when relevant. A percentage of project resources will be required to be dedicated
to capacity development.
7. Knowledge management (Dec 08 - )
Knowledge management activities will be undertaken at national, regional and global levels. Programme
results will be disseminated through a number of information-sharing networks, in particular, the
Adaptation Learning Mechanism (http://www.adaptationlearning.net/). PR activities will be actively
implemented as a follow-up to the Tokyo International Conference on African Development IV (TICAD).
Identifying and analysing lessons learned is an on-going and active process, and will be considered a
priority. A percentage of project resources will be required to be dedicated to learning activities.
Assistance will be provided in categorising, documenting, and reporting on lessons learned a the national
and regional levels as well as by UNDP.
Knowledge management, learning and support arrangements are at the heart of UNDP’s mode of
operation. These UNDP assets will be brought to bear in an integrated manner from the global, to the
regional to the national, in order to allow for the deployment of dedicated expertise and resources needed
to proactively support the country operations and help the countries learn from each other experiences.
The Inter-Regional Technical Support Component, which will provide the support system for countries to
realize the elements above, will be operationalized as follows:

Establishing a Programme Technical Support Team consisting of 1 Programme Manager, 1
Climate Change Impact, Data collection and Analysis Expert, 1 Institutional and Leadership
Development Expert, 1 Knowledge Management Expert, 1 Innovative Financing and Partnerships
Expert, and 3 Programme Associates. See Annex 5 for summary Terms of Reference of the
Technical Support Team.

Identifying a team of technical experts and familiarizing them with the Programme’s approach so
that they can provide technical services to countries.
Page 40 of 47
Annex 5: Summary Terms of Reference for Inter-regional Technical Experts
Programme Manager (L6)





Manage the programme technical support team to ensure that national activities are adequately
supported and outputs are delivered in a timely fashion and to appropriate quality standards.
Lead strategic thinking on the formulation and implementation of programme activities.
Lead strategic thinking and development of technical long term policy and planning tools, including the
analysis of the long term implications of alternative climate change scenarios
Provide substantive support to national teams during the formulation and implementation of nationallevel activities associated with long term policy and planning processes
Provide substantive reporting on programme progress and results to the Programme Board.
Climate Change Impact, Data Collection and Analysis Expert (L4)





Provide substantive support to national teams on accessing, analyzing and applying climate change data
during the formulation and implementation of national-level activities.
Lead the development of tools for use at national and local levels for accessing, analyzing, modelling
and applying climate change data
Identify and source technical expertise and support, including preparation of Terms of Reference,
identification and evaluation of experts, review of methodologies and analysis.
Monitor and troubleshoot for technical issues during the implementation of national activities.
Support capacity development in the area of climate change impact, data collection and analysis
Institutional and Leadership Development Expert (L4)







Support capacity development in the areas of institutional and leadership development
Provide guidance and make available leadership development programs and tools tailored to climate
change adaptation
Provide technical support to ensure that capacity development is integrated into the other technical areas
under the programme, including data collection and analysis, financing and partnership building, and
knowledge management.
Provide substantive support to national project teams on institutional frameworks, conflict management,
and inter-institutional communication and coordination mechanisms, during the formulation and
implementation of national-level activities.
Develop climate change risks and opportunities specific tools for analyzing and mapping institutions and
institutional relationships.
Provide substantive support on the development and management of inter-sectoral, government –
private sector, national – provincial – local, and civil society relationships and partnerships.
Identify and source technical expertise and support, including preparation of Terms of Reference,
identification and evaluation of experts, review of policy papers and reports.
Innovative Financing & Partnerships Expert (L4)
 Provide substantive support to national teams during the formulation and implementation of nationallevel activities associated with innovative financing options.
 Develop strategies for financing for adaptation, including resource mobilisation strategies in participating
countries.
 Lead strategic thinking on the development of innovative financial instruments such as flood and drought
indexes at local, national, sub-regional and regional levels.
 Develop a strategy for partnership building to maximise harmonization/synergies with other relevant
initiatives and institutions including banking, financial, insurance, and other private sector institutions.
 Develop strategic partnerships inside and outside UNDP (e.g. UNDP’s Practice Areas,
bilateral/multilateral organisations, and NGOs).
 Develop partnerships with regional centres of excellence.
 Support capacity development in the area of innovative financing and partnerships
Page 41 of 47
Knowledge Management Expert (L4)






Provide strategic thinking on measuring impacts and results. Develop strategy for capturing results at
regional, national and local levels.
Review information on indicators and targets to assess Programme progress and identify gaps in
implementation and response.
Assist national project teams to develop their own knowledge management strategies, including advice
on appropriate indicators and strategies for data collection and analysis.
Contribute to learning by documenting and disseminating capacity development lessons and impacts.
Facilitate knowledge exchanges through online platforms and meetings (e.g. Adaptation Learning
Mechanism).
Lead PR/outreach activities (e.g. presenting progress/results at workshops/conferences such as
UNFCCC meetings, TICAD).
Programme Finance and Delivery Associate (NO-C)




Financial and Administrative guidance and support to staff of national projects
Tracking and clearance of ASL, budget revisions, work plans, and the like
Monitoring and verification of substantive and financial reporting by national projects
Consolidation of substantial and financial regional and national project reports
Programme Associate (G6)



Financial and Administrative assistance to programme staff.
Organise contracts, tenders, consultancies, missions.
Organise sub-regional and regional Programme activities (e.g., workshop logistics).
Knowledge Management Associate (G6)



Assist technical experts to source and manage data and information
Actively contribute to knowledge management activities.
Actively contribute to development and dissemination of communications and outreach materials.
Page 42 of 47
Annex 6: Programme and Project Assurance Support Provided by RBA & RBAS, Country Offices
and BDP/EEG
Stage
Regional bureaux& Country Offices
EEG
Identification,
Sourcing and
Screening of
Ideas
Identify project support areas as part
of country programming
Provide information on substantive issues
and specialized funding opportunities
(SOFs)
Feasibility
Assessment /
Due Diligence
Review
Assist countries to formulate project
document
Technical support:
provide up-front guidance;
sourcing of technical expertise;
verification of technical reports and project
conceptualization;
guidance on expectations and requirements
Review and appraise project idea
Provide detailed screening against
technical, financial, social and risk criteria
and provide statement
Assist in identifying technical partners;
Validate partner technical abilities.
Development &
Preparation
Obtain clearances – Government,
Executing Agency, LPAC, , etc.;
monitor project milestones
Obtain clearances
Management and financial oversight
of Initiation Plan
Technical support, backstopping and
troubleshooting
Support project development, assist
country define program areas
Technical support:
sourcing of technical expertise;
verification of technical reports and project
conceptualization;
guidance expectations and requirements
Review, appraise, finalize Project
Document
Verify technical soundness, quality of
preparation, and match with SOF
expectations
Negotiate and obtain clearances –
Government, Executing Agency,
LPAC, etc
Negotiate and obtain clearances by SOF
Respond to information requests,
arrange revisions etc.
Respond to information requests, arrange
revisions etc.
Prepare operational and financial
reports on development stage as
needed
Verify technical soundness, quality of
preparation, and match with SOF
expectations
Page 43 of 47
Stage
Implementation
Regional bureaux& Country Offices
EEG
Management Oversight and support
Technical and SOF Oversight and support
Project Launch
Technical support in preparing TOR and
verifying expertise for technical positions.
Verification of technical validity / match with
SOF expectations of inception report.
Participate in Inception Workshop
Policy negotiations
Technical information and support as
needed
Steering Committee meetings
Technical support, participation as
necessary
Issuance of AWP, monitor
implementation of the work plan and
timetable, budget revisions as
necessary
Advisory services as required
Financial management – Conducting
budget revisions, verifying
expenditures, advancing funds,
issuing combined delivery reports,
ensuring no over-expenditure of
budget
Allocation of ASLs
Technical, managerial and financial
backstopping, problem identification &
troubleshooting
Technical support and troubleshooting,
Support missions as necessary.
Annual site visits – at least one site
visit per year, report to be circulated
no later than 2 weeks after visit
completion
Project visits – at least one technical
support visit per year.
Reviewing, editing, responding to
project reports; monitoring project
milestones
Technical support, validation, quality
assurance
Ensuring necessary audits
Evaluation and
Reporting
Final budget revision and financial
closure (within 12 months after
operational completion).
Return of unspent funds
Preparation and completion of Annual
Reports, final reports, tracking
substantive indicators
Technical support, progress monitoring,
validation, quality assurance
Organize project review
arrangements, such as steering
committee meetings, as outlined in
project document and agreed with
UNDP EEG RSC/RCU
Technical support, participation as
necessary
Page 44 of 47
Stage
Regional bureaux& Country Offices
EEG
Arrange mid-term, final, and other
evaluations – prepare TOR, hire
personnel, plan and facilitate mission
/ meetings / debriefing, circulate draft
and final reports.
Technical support in preparing TOR and
verifying expertise for technical positions.
Verification of technical validity / match with
SOF expectations of inception report.
Participate in briefing / debriefing
Technical analysis, compilation of lessons,
validation of results
Dissemination of technical findings
Page 45 of 47
Annex 7. References
1
Information drawn from: i) Boko, M., Niang, I., Nyong, A. et al. 2007. Africa. - In: Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F.,
Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J. and Hanson, C. E. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and
Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 433-467; and ii) Christensen, J. H., Hewitson, B.,
Busuioc, A. et al. 2007. Regional Climate Projections. - In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M.,
Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H. L. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, pp. 848-940.
“A Climate Culprit in Darfur”, Washington Post, June 16, 2007. Article written by UN Secretary General, Ban Ki
Moon. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/15/AR2007061501857.html
2
3
Christensen, J. H., Hewitson, B., Busuioc, A. et al. 2007. Regional Climate Projections. - In: Solomon, S., Qin, D.,
Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H. L. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: The
Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 848-940.
4
Under the A1B scenario i.e. projected atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 850 parts per million in 2100.
This prediction is based on a future world of very rapid economic growth, global population that peaks in mid-century
and declines thereafter, and the rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies, with a balance of fossil
intensive and non-fossil energy sources.
The UNDP reports in a media release of the Human Development Report 2007/2008 that “temperature rises of
above two degrees Celsius could see an extra 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa go hungry, new and more
frequent epidemics of mosquito-born diseases like Rift Valley Fever and malaria and agricultural losses of up to
US$26 billion by 2060 in the region, a figure higher than total bilateral aid received by sub-Saharan Africa in 2005.
http://78.136.31.142/en/media/pr2-hdr07-africa-e-final.pdf
5
6
Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are likely to increase rice and wheat yields, however, there will be minimal
effect on staple crops in Africa such as maize, millet and sorghum (IPCC 2001). Furthermore, the reduced availability
of soil water is likely to outweigh any benefits of greater carbon dioxide availability.
7
Kurukulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., Hassan, R. et al. 2006. Will African agriculture survive climate change? - The
World Bank Economic Review Advance Access 20: 367-388.
8
The UNDP reports in a media release of the Human Development Report 2007/2008 In northern Kenya, by
comparison, increased frequency of droughts means that women are walking greater distances to fetch water, often
ranging from 10 to 15 kilometres a day, says the Report. This confronts women with personal security risks, keeps
young girls out of school and imposes an immense physical burden—a plastic container filled with 20 litres of water
weighs around 20 kilograms. http://78.136.31.142/en/media/pr2-hdr07-africa-e-final.pdf
9
The Malawian NAPA notes, for example, that a drought in 1979/80 resulted in death of large numbers of Nyala
antelope in Lengwe National Park, and migration of much of the wildlife out of the park.
10
Ashton 2002, p 236, in APCC AR4.
11
UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008.
12
Only some 4% of arable land in Africa is currently irrigated, making African farmers particularly vulnerable to
fluctuations in rainfall. Reference: Stern, N. (2006), Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. H.M.
Treasury, United Kingdom.
13
Nearly 550 million people in sub-Saharan Africa lack access to electricity. UNDP Human Development Report
2007/2008
Page 46 of 47
14
Under the A1B scenario i.e. projected atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 850 parts per million in 2100.
This prediction is based on a future world of very rapid economic growth, global population that peaks in mid-century
and declines thereafter, and the rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies, with a balance of fossil
intensive and non-fossil energy sources.
15 Climate change: The next ten years Fred Pearce Michael Le Page, New Scientist, August 2008
16
Using Climate Analogues for Assessing Climate Change Economic Impacts in Urban Areas, S. Hallegatte and JC
Hourcade, 2005.
17
Commonwealth Foundation: Breaking the Taboo: Perspective of African Civil Society on Innovative Sources of
Financing Development (2008)
Page 47 of 47