Download ch 3 directed_reading_b

Chapter 3 Directed Reading (Pg 60)
Section 1: The Diversity of Cells
1. What is the smallest thing that can do everything needed for life?
a. organ
c. tissue
b. cell
d. atom
CELLS AND THE CELL THEORY
animals
cells
microscope
plants
2.Robert Hooke was the first person to describe______________________.
3. Hooke built a(n) ______________________ and used it to look at cells.
4. Hooke spent most of his time looking at the cells of ______________________.
5. Hooke’s microscope could not see the cells of ______________________.
Finding Cells in Other Organisms
6. Where did Leeuwenhoek find what he called animalcules?
a. in animal blood
c. in cells
b. in bread dough
d. in pond scum
The Cell Theory
7. Which of these is NOT a part of the cell theory?
a. Most cells are too small to be seen without a microscope.
b. All organisms are made of one or more cells
c. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
d. All cells come from existing cells.
CELL SIZE
A Few Large Cells
8. Why can a chicken egg grow so large?
a. It is a single cell.
c. It does not have to take in food.
b. It has a yolk and a shell.
d. It grows faster than small cells.
Many Small Cells
9. What limits most cells to a very small size?
a. the surface area–to-volume ratio
c. the amount of fluid in the cell
b. the size of the nucleus
d. the hardness of the cell wall
PARTS OF A CELL
The Cell Membrane and Cytoplasm
cells
cytoplasm
cell membrane
10. The layer that protects a cell from its environment is the ______________________.
11. The fluid inside a cell is called ______________________.
12. The cell membrane and cytoplasm are two parts of all ______________________.
Organelles
13. What are structures that perform specific functions inside the cell called?
a. organisms
c. cell membranes
b. organelles
d. DNA
Genetic Material
14. What is the organelle which contains the cell’s DNA called?
a. membrane
c. cell wall
b. nucleus
d. cytoplasm
TWO KINDS OF CELLS
cells
eukaroytic
prokaryotic
15. The two groups of ______________________ are eukaryoticand prokaryotic.
16. Cells that are ______________________ have a nucleus.
17. Cells that are ______________________ do not have a nucleus.
PROKARYOTES: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
Bacteria
18. What are the smallest cells we know of called?
a. prokaryotes
c. bacteria
b. ribosomes
d. flagella
Archaea
19. What is one way in which archaea differ from bacteria?
a. Archaea lack a nucleus.
b. Archaea have a cell membrane.
20. Which group includes extremophiles?
c. Archaea are single-celled.
d. Archaeal ribosomes are different.
a. bacteria
c. methane gases
b. archaea
d. eukaryotes
EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND EUKARYOTES
21. What does a eukaryote have that a prokaryote does not?
a. one or more cells
c. cells with DNA
b. cells with a nucleus
d. cells with membranes
22. Which of these words describes you and other humans?
a. eukaryote
c. protist
b. prokaryote
d. fungus
Section 2: Eukaryotic Cells
CELL WALL
1. What is the purpose of a cell wall?
a. to make a plant droop
c. to carry DNA
b. to support the cell
d. to digest cellulose
CELL MEMBRANE
2. What is the purpose of a cell membrane?
a. to make lipids
c. to protect the cell
b. to make phospholipids
d. to support the cell wall
3. What does having two layers allow the cell membrane to do?
a. make lipids and phospholipids
c. make proteins
b. support the cell wall
d. pass nutrients and wastes through
CYTOSKELETON
4. What is the cytoskeleton made of?
a. cells
b. lipids
5. What is the cytoskeleton’s job in the cell?
c. membranes
d. proteins
a. help keep the cell’s shape
c. store water
b. process proteins
d. produce energy
NUCLEUS
6. What is the genetic material inside a cell’s nucleus?
a. protein
c. DNA
b. lipids
d. nucleolus
7. What is the function of proteins in a cell?
a. to control chemical reactions
c. to cover the nucleus
b. to store genetic information
d. to copy messages from DNA
8. What is an amino acid?
a. part of the cell membrane
c. a dangerous chemical
b. another term for DNA
d. a molecule used to make proteins
RIBOSOMES
9. What do all ribosomes do?
a. make proteins
c. attach themselves to membranes
b. float in the cytoplasm
d. make organelles
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
10. What does the endoplasmic reticulum look like?
a. oval, with pores
c. long, with many folds
b. small and round
d. a bubble full of liquid
11. Which phrase tells the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
a. internal delivery system
c. DNA storage
b. protein factory
d. web of proteins
MITOCHONDRIA
12. What are the peanut-shaped organelles that break down sugar?
a. Golgi complex
c. ribosomes
b. cell membranes
d. mitochondria
CHLOROPLASTS
13. Which process happens inside a chloroplast?
a. making ATP
c. photosynthesis
b. making DNA
d. formation of animal cells
GOLGI COMPLEX
14. What long, folded cell part serves to package and distribute proteins?
a. Golgi complex
c. ribosome
b. cell membrane
d. cytoplasm
CELL COMPARTMENTS
15. Why do vesicles move around the cytoplasm?
a. to make new proteins
c. to support the cell membrane
b. to move material around
d. to form the Golgi complex
CELLULAR DIGESTION
16. What do lysosomes do?
a. make new proteins
c. get rid of waste and digest food
b. move material around
d. create vesicles
Vacuoles
17. What is a function of some vacuoles?
a. to make proteins
c. to make sugar
b. to store water
d. to harden the cell
Section 3: The Organization of Living Things
THE BENEFITS OF BEING MULTICELLULAR
1.Which of these is a benefit of being a large organism?
a. cell specialization
c. smaller cells
b. larger cells
d. shorter lifespan
CELLS WORKING TOGETHER
2. What is a tissue made of?
a. cells that work together
c. cells with longer lives
b. larger than normal cells
d. cardiac muscle
3. What organisms have nerve, muscle, connective, and protective tissues?
a. animals
c. fungi
b. plants
d. cardiac muscles
TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER
4. What is made up of two or more tissues working together?
a. a cell
b. a connective tissue
5. Which of these is a plant organ?
c. an organ
d. a group of specialized cells
a. heart
c. blood
b. leaf
d. transport tissue
Organs Working Together
6. What do you call a group of organs that work together to perform a particular
function?
a. connective organs
c. an organ system
b. an organism
d. a human being
ORGANISMS
7. What is the term for anything that can perform a life process?
a. a cell
c. an organization
b. an organ system
d. an organism
8. Which of these is the lowest level of organization?
a. cell
c. organ
b. tissue
d. organ system
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
9. What is a part’s structure related to?
a. its function
c. support from its cells
b. its material
d. its ability to get rid of wastes