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Do you know the genetic Lingo: All Organisms have two of each chromosome. These Chromosomes are pairs of __________________________ chromosomes. (hint means the same because they carry the same genes) Chromosomes have ________________ which code out specific traits for an organism. There are two copies of a gene for any given trait. Different versions of a gene for the same trait are called ___________________. As a rule, a capital letter represent the ______________________ allele in a gene pair, while a lowercase letter represent the ________________________ allele. The combination of alleles for an organism which identify the actual genetic makeup for the organism is called its ___________________________. Ex TT, Gg, ss The form of the trait that is observed or expressed in an organism is its _________________________________. Ex, tall or short. An organism in which two alleles for a trait are identical is said to be________________________________trait, ex TT or tt. An organism in which two alleles for a trait are not identical is said to be ______________________________, Tt. An allele that always controls a trait and is expressed is called a _____________ allele. An allele that is hidden when paired with a dominant allele is called a ______________________ allele. A recessive allele can be expressed only when the organism has no copy of the corresponding dominant allele. Laws from Mendel’s Genetic: The law of segregation states that each pair of ______________________ segregates, or separates, during meiosis. This behavior is when homologous pairs of chromosomes separated during ___________________________ of meiosis I and Meiosis II. The genes encoded on the chromosomes must separate also. Draw how this works during Anaphase I and Anaphase II: The law of independent assortment states that gene pairs segregate into____ ___________________ randomly and independently of each other. This is a result of ________________________________ in Meiosis I and Meiosis II. The separation of chromosome pairs occurs ____________________ and produces many different combinations of chromosomes in the gametes. Draw how this works during Telophase I and II: DNA "Fingerprinting" Worksheet In this hypothetical paternity case, four autoradiographs show DNA "fingerprints" taken from three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child's alleged father. Each autoradiograph compares equivalent DNA segments from the three individuals. The two dark bands in each column represent one individual's DNA segments -- one inherited from that individual's biological mother and the other from the biological father. These segments differ in length from person to person; for this reason they are used as genetic markers. Here, each length is designated by a letter, A through O. The two letters associated with each segment indicate the individual's genotype. Instructions 1. Under each column in the autoradiograph, write the letters associated with each individual's genotype. For example, the genotype of the mother in the first column is A/D. Then, circle the letter in the child's genotype that represents the gene inherited from the mother. 2. Which "letters" must the child have inherited from its father? 3. Based on this information, what evidence suggests that the alleged father could be biologically related to the child?