Download Chapter 4 Genetics Review

1. What is a purebred organism?
2. What are the factors that control inheritance of traits?
3. What are alleles?
4. What is a dominant allele?
5. What kind of allele can be hidden when a dominant allele is present?
6. What kinds of alleles does a hybrid organism have?
7. What tool can be used to predict the results of a genetic cross?
8. What is a phenotype?
9. What is a genotype?
10. What is the term used to describe an organism whose genotype consists of two
identical alleles for a trait?
11. What term is used to describe an organism whose genotype consists of two
different alleles for a trait?
12. Why can you be certain of the genotype of an organism that shows a recessive
trait?
13. What did Sutton observe about the relative numbers of chromosomes in the body
cells and sex cells of grasshoppers?
14. How many chromosomes does the fertilized egg receive from the parent?
15. How are genes passed from parent to offspring?
16. What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
17. If human body cells each have 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do
human sex cells have?
18. What happens during Meiosis I?
19. What happens during Meiosis II?
20. How many sex cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
21. How do the sex cells differ from the parent cell?
22. How is meiosis similar to mitosis? Different?
23. How are chromosomes and genes related?
24. What are chromosomes composed of?
25. What are genes?
26. What do genes code for?
27. What happens during protein synthesis?
28. What is the role of messenger RNA? Transfer RNA?
29. What is the first step in protein synthesis? Why is this important?
30. What does messenger RNA do in Step 2?
31. In Step 3, how is a protein chain formed?
32. Why is it important that protein synthesis be so carefully organized and carried
out?
33. In what ways can a mistake be made during protein synthesis?
34. What are these mistakes called?
35. How can mutations affect an organism?