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23. PUNNETT SQUARE- a tool used to predict the probability of traits in offspring. 24. DOMINANT- a trait or characteristic that shows up most often in an organism. 25. RECESSIVE- a trait that is less likely to show up in an organism. 26. ALLELE- another word for a “gene” 27. HETEROZYGOUS- having 2 different genes (alleles) for a single trait. 28. HOMOZYGOUS- having the same genes (alleles) for a single trait. 29.GENOTYPE- the actual genetic makeup of an organism found in the cells. 30. PHENOTYPE- the actual appearance that is expressed or shown. 31. ACQUIRED TRAITS- a physical characteristic that is developed in an organism from its environment, not inherited. 32. AUTOSOMES- all of the other chromosomes except the sex chromosomes. 33. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES- matching chromosomes that have the same genes in the same location. 34. INHERITED TRAIT- a characteristic that an organism gets from the parents. 35. SEX CHROMOSOMES- the pair of chromosomes that determine gender (male or female) 35 (a) XX- a girl 35. (b) XY – a boy 36. VARIATION- differences in organisms. 37. INNATE BEHAVIOR- a behavior that is determined by genetics. (instincts) 38. LEARNED BEHAVIOR- a behavior that is acquired from the environment or experience. 39. ADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION*there is variation of offspring *better able to adapt to changes 40. ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION*quicker to reproduce offspring *does not need to look for mate