Download 013368718X_CH02_015

Name
Class
Date
Chapter Review
Use the clues and words to help you write the vocabulary terms from the chapter in the
blanks. You may use a word once or not at all.
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast
1. structure that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell
2. organelle that changes chemical energy in food into usable compounds
3. cell structure that makes proteins
4. internal membrane system that helps make proteins
Answer the following questions. Use the diagrams to answer Questions 5 and 6.
5. Which of the cells is a plant cell?
6. Which of the cells is prokaryotic?
Chapter Vocabulary Review
For Questions 1–4, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change
the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
1. All cells are surrounded by a cell wall.
3. Selectively permeable membranes allow only certain materials to pass through
them.
For Questions 5–11, match the organelle with its description.
Organelle
Description
5. Ribosomes
A. Convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy
that is stored in food
6. Endoplasmic
reticulum
B. Stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins and other materials for storage or release
7. Golgi apparatus
C. Convert chemical energy stored in food into a form
that can be easily used by the cell
8. Lysosomes
9. Vacuoles
10. Chloroplasts
D. An internal membrane system where lipid components
of cell membranes are made
11. Mitochondria
E. Saclike structures that store materials
F. Small particles of RNA and protein on which proteins
are assembled using instructions from DNA
G. Filled with enzymes used to break down carbohydrates
into smaller molecules
For Questions 12–15, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
13. The force created by the net movement of water through a cell membrane is called
pressure.
14. Red blood cells are able to maintain homeostasis because they are bathed in blood, which
is
to the fluid in the cells themselves.
7.1 The Discovery of the Cell
2. Robert Hooke used the name
when he observed magnified cork
to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw
3. German botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded that
are made of cells.
4. German biologist Theodor Schwann concluded that
are made of cells.
6. The
combines the conclusions made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
12. Complete the table about the two categories of cells.
Two Categories of Cells
Category
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Definition
Size range
Examples
13. Which category of cells—prokaryotic or eukaryotic—is your body composed of?
7.2 Cell Organization
2. What is an organelle?
Organelles That Store, Clean Up, and Support
9. The chart below shows key words from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the
chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been
done for you.
Term
Definition
How I’m Going to Remember the
Meaning
Cell wall
Structure around plant cells,
fungus cells, and some
bacterial cells that supports
and protects
A wall surrounds and protects a building
like a cell wall surrounds and protects a
cell.
Centriole
Structure in animal cells that
helps organize cell division
Chloroplast
Structure in plant cells that
captures the sun’s energy and
changes it into chemical
energy
Cytoplasm
Fluid portion of the cell outside
the nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments
that gives a cell its shape and
organizes its organelles
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Internal membrane system of
a cell where proteins are
assembled
Golgi
apparatus
Series of flattened sacs that
prepares proteins and other
materials for export from the
cell
Term
Definition
Lysosome
Enzyme-filled structure that breaks
down complex molecules or wornout organelles
How I’m Going to Remember the
Meaning
Mitochondrion
Organelle that changes the chemical
energy in food into a form that is
easier for the cell to use
Organelle
Structure within a cell that acts like a
specialized organ
Ribosome
Structure that assembles proteins
Vacuole
Saclike structure that stores
materials like water and nutrients
13. What are ribosomes? What do they do?
14. In which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?
15. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Cell Organization
Follow the directions.
1. Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
Plant Cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
2. Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
Animal Cell
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
centrioles
Use the diagrams to answer the questions.
3. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? Circle the correct
answer.
chloroplast
cell membrane
ribosome
A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the
chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been
done for you.
Term
Definition
How I’m Going to Remember the
Meaning
Diffusion
Movement of particles from an
area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
Diffusion happens when the
concentrations of particles are different.
Facilitated
diffusion
Diffusion of molecules through a
protein channel
Hypertonic
Solution with more solute than
another solution
Hypotonic
Solution with less solute than
another solution
Isotonic
Two solutions that have the
same amount of solute
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable
membrane
7.3 Cell Transport
Compare/Contrast Table Use a compare/contrast table when you want to see the
similarities and differences between two or more objects or processes. Select words or
phrases from the box to complete the table comparing passive and active transport.
diffusion
endocytosis
energy required
energy not required
Passive Transport
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
protein pumps
Active Transport
Facilitated diffusion takes place when a substance diffuses across the cell membrane through
a protein channel. Active transport takes place when the cell uses energy to carry a substance
across the cell membrane against a concentration difference.
2. Which process can move molecules from a lower concentration solution on one side of
the membrane to a higher concentration solution on the other side?
active transport
facilitated diffusion
3. Which process does not require energy?
active transport
facilitated diffusion
4. What does the word facilitated mean in facilitated diffusion ?
hindered
helped