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Biology 12: Enzymes Mr. Kruger Enzymes: Important Learning Outcomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is the importance of enzymes in the body? Where are enzymes synthesized? What is their molecular structure and chemical make up? Where are enzymes manufactured? What is the function of enzymes in cells? How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction? Give five specific examples of enzymes. Identify four characteristics of enzymes. What affect do the following conditions have on enzymes? a) pH c) competitive inhibitors b) temperature d) non-competitive inhibitors 10.What are the optimum temperatures and pH for enzymes to work in our bodies? 11.Name the factors that affect the production of an enzyme? 12.What are the 3 ways that an apoenzme (the protein portion) is denatured? 13.Know how to interpret graphs in this section. Why isn’t the temperature graph symmetrical? 14.Explain the lock and key analogy. 15.Another more recent explanation of enzyme action is the "induced fit" theory. Describe the basics of this theory. 16.What is an active site, and how can it be changed? 17.Describe how different concentrations and competitive inhibitors can affect enzymes. 18.What is the role of thyroxin in the body? Where is it made? 19. Differentiate between the following: a) potential and kinetic energy b) ADP and ATP c) degradative reaction (catabolic) and synthetic reactions (anabolic) 20.Some important enzymes and their products (FYI): SUBSTRATES Ammonia Maltose Lactose Peptides Sucrose Lipids Ribonucleic acid Starch Protein ENZYMES Urease Maltase Lactase Peptidase Sucrase Lipase Nuclease Amylase (Salivary & Pancreatic) Trypsin (Pancreas) or Pepsin (Stomach) PRODUCTS Urea and CO2 Glucose and glucose Glucose and galactose Amino acids Fructose and glucose Fatty acids and glycerol Nucleotides Maltose Peptides Biology 12: Enzymes Mr. Kruger 15.Identify the three things that are necessary for all metabolic activities. 16. Give examples of 3 metabolic activities. III. Vocabulary: Check off the terms you know and work with the rest until you know them! _____ Enzyme-Substrate Complex _____ Activation energy _____ Active site _____ Allosteric inhibitor _____ Apoenzyme _____ ATP energy _____ Catalyst _____ Co-enzyme _____ Co-factor _____ Competitive inhibitor _____ Concentration _____ Cristae _____ Dehydration synthesis _____ Denature _____ Enzyme _____ Functional protein _____ Heavy metal ions _____ Lock and key analogy _____ Induced fit theory _____ Metabolism _____ Mineral ions _____ NAD _____ Optimum pH _____ Optimum temperature _____ pH _____ Structural protein _____ Substrate _____ Temperature _____ Tertiary structure _____ Thyroxin _____ Vitamin _____ Homeostasis _____ Hydrolysis _____ Inhibitor