Download Chapter 8 Booklet

Name:________________________
Science 14
Chapter 8
Structure and
Function of Plant and
Animal Cells
1
The Microscope
Use the terms below to label the parts of the microscope.
 Check each part of the microscope that has a blank line attached.
 Label the microscope by printing the correct name of the part on the line.
arm
base
coarse-adjustment knob
diaphragm
eyepiece
fine-adjustment knob
high-power objective lens
light source
low-power objective lens
revolving nosepiece
stage
stage clips
tube
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Microscope Word Challenge
Use the clues to fill in the blanks below. The letters in the boxes spell the name of a piece
of magnifying equipment. What is it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Piece of magnifying equipment: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Clues
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
equipment used to examine specimens at 100X or more
often used to study the internal organs of lab specimens
improved by two Canadians named Prebus and Hillier
a magnifying device used in most schools
earliest form of the microscope
Calculating Magnification
Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece by the magnification of the objective lens.
This will give you the total magnification of the object you are viewing under the
microscope.
Example
Magnification of eyepiece: 5X
Magnification of objective lens: 4X
Total magnification: 5 x 4 = 20X
Complete the following chart to give you practice. Use the information to check the
magnification of the specimens you are observing.
Eyepiece
(a) 5X
(b) 5X
(c) 5X
(d) 10X
(e) 10X
(f) 10X
(g) 20X
(h) 20X
(i) 20X
Objective Lens
4X
10X
40X
4X
10X
40X
4X
10X
40X
Total Magnification
20X
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Making a Scientific Drawing or Sketch
A clear, concise drawing can often illustrate or replace words in a scientific explanation. In
science, drawings are especially important when you are trying to explain difficult concepts or
describe something that contains a lot of detail — such as something viewed under a microscope.
It is important to make scientific drawings clear, neat, and accurate.
1. Use unlined paper and a sharp pencil
with an eraser.
2. Give yourself plenty of space on the
paper. You need space for your drawing
and labels.
Labels identify parts of the object
you are drawing. Place all of your labels
to the right of your drawing, unless there
are so many labels that your drawing
looks cluttered.
3. Carefully study the objects that you will
be drawing. Make sure you know what
you need to include.
4. Draw only what you see, and keep your
drawing simple. Do not try to indicate
parts of the object that are not visible
from the angle you observed.
5. Shading and colouring are not usually
used in scientific drawings. If you want
to indicate a darker area, you can use
stippling (a series of dots). You can use
double lines to indicate thick parts of the
object.
6. Label your drawing carefully and
completely, using lower-case (small)
letters.
Remember to place your labels to the
right of the drawing, if possible. Use a
ruler to draw a horizontal line from the
label to the part you are identifying.
Instant Practice
A scale drawing is one that duplicates the
proportions of what you see through the
microscope. This is important because it
allows you to compare the sizes of different
objects and helps you form an idea of the
actual size of an object. In addition, a scale
drawing makes it easier to explain what you
see to someone else. Do the following to
make a scale drawing.
1. Draw a circle (the size does not matter)
in your notebook. Use the circle to
represent the microscope’s field of view.
2. Imagine that the circle is divided into
four equal sections. Use a pencil and a
ruler to draw these sections in your
circle.
3. Using low or medium power, locate a
part of the prepared slide that interests
you. Imagine that the field of view is
also divided into four equal sections.
4. Note in what part of the field of view the
object lies and how much of the field of
view the object occupies.
5. Draw the object in the circle. Position it
so it is in the same part of the circle as it
appears in the field of view. Draw the
object to scale. This means that it should
take up the same proportion of space in
the circle as it does in the field of view.
6. Label your drawing.
7. Give your drawing a title.
4
Data Collection Sheet #1
Name:
Date:
Specimen __________________________________
Hand Lens
Magnification ______
Dissecting Scope
Low Power
Magnification = _____  _____ = _____X
Medium Power
Magnification = _____  _____ = _____X
Compound Microscope
Low Power
Magnification = _____  _____
= _____X
Medium Power
Magnification = _____  _____
= _____X
High Power
Magnification = _____  _____
= _____X
5
Organization of Life
Complete the chart to review and demonstrate your knowledge of the units of life and how they are organized. For
each level, add a description. Then list three examples of this level found in the human body. Add two more examples,
and then continue to the next level of organization.
Level
cell
Description
the smallest unit of life
tissue
organ
system
organism
Example
 skin cell














Word Scramble
Unscramble the letters to discover these key terms from your study of cell theory.
Definition
Scrambled Word
Answer
(a) when life processes are
present, an organism is called
this
(b) tissues combined to perform a
specialized role
(c) activities necessary in
order to survive
(d) part of a cell that carries
out a particular function
or role
(e) cells combined to perform a
specific task or function
(f) the smallest unit of life
(g) life processes are not present
in this kind of object
(h) an explanation supported
by repeated experimental
results
(i) made up of organs working
together
(j) may consist of only one cell,
or many cells
VIGLIN
GROAN
FILE SPECSORES
LEGLANORE
SUTIES
LCEL
GIN–VINLON
HERTOY
MESSYT
SNARGIOM
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Plant and Animal Cells
What are the two main types of cells? What organelles are found in cells? What is the function of
each cell organelle? You will answer these and other questions as you explore the web site.
Part A: Plant Cells
1. Go to the Cell’s Alive web site.
2. From the index, click on Plant Cell.
3. Draw a diagram of a plant cell.
4. Use the illustration on the web page to help label your diagram. If you are not sure of the name
of an organelle, click on it to find out.
Part B: Animal Cells
1. From the index, click on Animal Cell.
2. Draw a diagram of an animal cell.
3. Use the illustration on the web page to help label your diagram. If you are not sure of the name
of an organelle, click on it to find out.
Part C: Cell Organelles
In this part of the activity, you will review the functions of the organelles in plant and animal cells.
1. Complete the following chart.
• The first column lists the organelles found in cells.
• In the second column, write the function of each organelle.
• In the third column, fill in whether the organelle is found in animal cells, in plant cells, or in both
types of cells.
Organelles and Their Functions
Organelle
Function
Where Is It Found?
(animal cell, plant cell, or both
animal and plant cell)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
endoplasmic
reticulum
mitochondria
cell wall
chloroplasts
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Part D: Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
1. Complete to compare plant and animal cells.
• In the left column, write the names of organelles found only in animal cells.
• In the right column, write the names of organelles found only in plant cells.
• In the middle column, write the names of organelles shared by plant and animal cells.
Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cells Only
Both Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells Only
What Did You Discover?
1. What are the two main type of cells?
2. What is an organelle?
3. What are the organelles common to both types of cells?
4. What are the organelles found only in plant cells?
6. Why do you think that scientists refer to cells as the “basic units of life”?
Cell Review
Complete the chart by placing the missing information in the correct box.
City Comparison
Cell Part
Function
cytoplasm
outer covering of a plant cell
outer covering of an animal cell
chloroplast
mitochondrion
transportation system inside the cell
golgi body
control centre of the cell
vacuole
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Lab 8-C: Edible Cells
Use this worksheet to help you plan your cookies for Design & Do Investigation 8–C.
 Review the parts of an animal and a plant cell. You may wish to check the cell diagrams on
pages 166 and 167 in the student text.
 Decide what candies might best illustrate those parts. Explain your choice.
Sketch of Plant Cell
Organelle
Organelle Function
Sketch of Animal Cell
Type of Candy to
Use
Reason for Choice
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Organelle Crossword
Complete the crossword using the clues provided.
Across
1. semi-permeable; separates contents of cell from surrounding environment
4. collects sunlight; found only in plants
5. stores food, water, and waste
7. the “powerhouse”; releases energy in cell
Down
1. jelly-like substance
2. transports materials; known by initials
3. non-living; provides protection and strength
6. the control center
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Check Your Understanding
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