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Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Learning Objectives 1. Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2. Distinguish between fermentation and cellular respiration. 3. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration. 4. Explain how ATP is recycled in cells. 5. What is a redox reaction? Define oxidation and reduction. 6. What is the name and function of the electron donor and the electron acceptor? 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels. 9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. 10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and the electron transport chain occur. 11. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 12. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 13. Identify where sugar oxidation substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 14. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced and how this process links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. 15. Describe the form and fate of the carbons in the Krebs cycle. Note the role of oxaolacetate in this cycle. 16. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 17. Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 18. Describe the process of chemiosmosis and the role of the proton-motive force. 19. Explain how membrane structure is related to membrane function in chemiosmosis. 20. Explain why fermentation and anaerobic respiration are necessary. 21. Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. 22. Describe how food molecules other than glucose can be oxidized to make ATP. 23. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell and what role the allosteric enzyme, phosphofructokinase, plays in the process. Vocabulary Fermentation Krebs cycle anaerobic cellular respiration oxidative phosphorylation alcohol fermentation redox reactions substrate-level phosphorylation facultative anaerobe oxidation lactic acid fermentation beta oxidation reduction acetyl CoA aerobic reducing agent cytochrome glycolysis oxidizing agent ATP synthase proton-motive force NAD+ chemiosmosis Word Roots Aero = air An = not Chemi = chemical Gyco = sweet -lysis = split Page 1 of 1 Study guide chapter 9 Beavers