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Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Learning Objectives
1. Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
2. Distinguish between fermentation and cellular respiration.
3. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration.
4. Explain how ATP is recycled in cells.
5. What is a redox reaction? Define oxidation and reduction.
6. What is the name and function of the electron donor and the electron acceptor?
7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges.
8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels.
9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration.
10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and the electron
transport chain occur.
11. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis.
12. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis.
13. Identify where sugar oxidation substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in
glycolysis.
14. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced and how this process
links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle.
15. Describe the form and fate of the carbons in the Krebs cycle. Note the role of oxaolacetate in this cycle.
16. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration.
17. Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the
endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis.
18. Describe the process of chemiosmosis and the role of the proton-motive force.
19. Explain how membrane structure is related to membrane function in chemiosmosis.
20. Explain why fermentation and anaerobic respiration are necessary.
21. Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
22. Describe how food molecules other than glucose can be oxidized to make ATP.
23. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell and what role the allosteric enzyme,
phosphofructokinase, plays in the process.
Vocabulary
Fermentation
Krebs cycle
anaerobic
cellular respiration
oxidative phosphorylation
alcohol fermentation
redox reactions
substrate-level phosphorylation
facultative anaerobe
oxidation
lactic acid fermentation
beta oxidation
reduction
acetyl CoA
aerobic
reducing agent
cytochrome
glycolysis
oxidizing agent
ATP synthase
proton-motive force
NAD+
chemiosmosis
Word Roots
Aero = air
An = not
Chemi = chemical
Gyco = sweet
-lysis = split
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Study guide chapter 9
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