Download Cellular Respiration REVIEW SHEET

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Unit 6: Cellular Respiration REVIEW SHEET
Chapter 9 in the Miller & Levine Biology Textbook
Vocabulary Terms:
calorie
aerobic
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
cellular respiration
electron transport chain
fast-twitch muscle fibers
FADH2
slow-twitch muscle fibers
NADH
fermentation
ATP
anaerobic
ATP synthase
Lab Activity:
Measuring CO2 Produced in Humans
o What is phenolthalein? How does it work?
o Do all humans exhale the same amount of CO2? Explain.
o What cellular process is responsible for CO2 being exhaled?
o After exercise would you expect the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute to be the
same as the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute at rest? Explain.
Some Thought Questions:
1. How is glucose changed during glycolysis? What products are produced as a
result of glycolysis?
2. What are the two pathways that might follow glycolysis? What factor can
determine which of those pathways a cell might follow?
3. Use formulas to write a chemical equation for cellular respiration. Label the
formulas with the names of the compounds.
4. Draw and label a mitochondrion surrounded by cytoplasm. Indicate where
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur.
5. How is NAD+ involved in the products of glycolysis? What happens to a cell's
NAD+ when large numbers of high-energy electrons are produced in a short time?
6. Which two compounds react during fermentation? Which of these compounds
passes high-energy electrons to the other?
7. Write equations to show how lactic acid fermentation compares with alcoholic
fermentation. Which reactant(s) do they have in common?
8. How are fermentation and cellular respiration similar? What is the main
difference between their starting compounds?
9. Summarize what happens during the Krebs cycle. What happens to the highenergy electrons generated during the Krebs cycle?
10. How is ATP synthase involved in making energy available to the cell?
11. When runners race for about 20 minutes, how do their bodies obtain energy?
12. Where is the electron transport chain found in a eukaryotic cell? In a prokaryotic
cell?
13. Certain types of bacteria thrive in conditions that lack oxygen. What does that
fact indicate about the way they obtain energy?
14. In certain cases, regular exercise causes an increase in the number of
mitochondria in muscle cells. How might that situation improve an individual's
ability to perform energy-requiring activities?
15. Yeast cells can carry out both fermentation and cellular respiration, depending on
whether oxygen is present. In which case would you expect yeast cells to grow
more rapidly? Explain.
16. To function properly, heart muscle cells require a steady supply of oxygen. After a
heart attack, small amounts of lactic acid are present. What does this evidence
suggest about the nature of a heart attack?
17. Carbon monoxide (CO) molecules bring the electron transport chain in a
mitochondrion to a stop by binding to an electron carrier. Use this information to
explain why carbon monoxide gas kills organisms.
18. In the mid 1900's, doctors prescribed DNP, a chemical that was suppose to help
in weight-loss. The patients did successfully lose weight; however if the patient
took the drug for more than a few weeks the drug became fatal and the patient
would die. DNP made the inner membrane of the mitochondria leaking to H+
ions. Explain why the patients would initially lose weight and ultimately die.