* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download AP Biology Study Guide
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
AP Biology Mrs. Morton AP Biology Study Guide: Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Key Terms: fermentation cellular respiration redox reaction oxidation reduction reducing agent oxidizing agent NAD+ / NADH FAD+ / FADH2 electron transport chain glycolysis Krebs cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate level phosphorylation pyruvate acetyl CoA cytochromes (cyt) ATP syntahse chemiosmosis proton-motive force aerobic anaerobic alcohol fermentation lactic acid fermentation faculative anaerobe beta oxidation Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Distinguish between fermentation and cellular respiration. Describe the summary equation for cellular respiration. Define oxidation and reduction. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. Describe the process of chemiosmosis. Explain how membrane structure is related to membrane function in chemiosmosis. Summarize the net ATP yield from the oxidation of a glucose molecule by constructing an ATP ledger that includes coenzyme production during the different stages of glycolysis and cellular respiration. Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Compare the process of fermentation and cellular respiration. Describe evidence that the first prokaryotes produced ATP by glycolysis. Describe briefly how food molecules other than glucose can contribute to anabolic pathways. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell and what role the allosteric enzyme, phosphofructokinase, plays in the process.