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Name:________________________________________Period:_________Date:____________________ DNA & Protein Synthesis webquest Part I – DNA Structure & Replication Find out what DNA can do… 1. Enter the following web site address exactly as shown: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html A. DNA Replication 2. Copy down the description of the process called replication (found below the box with the word replication in it). DNA, the molecule that holds the genetic information, makes _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Click the words DNA REPLICATION. 4. In the space below, copy down the original sequence of bases found in both strands of DNA. D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D C G D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D P D Parts of the DNA Backbone (What does the D and P stand for?): D = __________________________ P = __________________________ The steps of DNA Replication: BELOW THE BOX THAT SAYS DNA REPLICATION, YOU WILL FIND THE DIRECTIONS TO HELP YOU GO THROUGH THE STEPS OF REPLICATION. BE SURE TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS FOUND BELOW. Step 1: UNZIP DNA A. What enzyme causes the DNA to unwind and unzip (not found on the website – use your notes if you don’t know). ______________________________ B. Where in the cell is replication occurring? (Hint: look at the diagram to the right of the DNA molecule that says you are here)? ___________________________ Step 2: Match bases to make two new DNA strands by clicking and dragging. An enzyme, DNA _____________________________ (look in your notes if you don’t know), is responsible for carrying in new nucleotides and placing them with the parent strands. A. In order to complete the above step on the computer, you need to follow the base- pairing rule. B. Fill in the base-pairing rule as it applies to making complementary strands of DNA: Bases found in DNA Complementary bases in DNA G C T A Are the two new strands the same or different after replication? _________________________ Part II - Firefly – Protein Synthesis: Go to the following website and follow the instructions below. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ 1. Click on “What is a gene?” Follow through this tutorial answering the questions below: a. Define gene: ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ b. What protein do our red blood cells use to carry oxygen? ___________________________ What disease is the result of a mutation in the gene that codes for the protein used to carry oxygen in our red blood cells? _______________________________________________ 2. Now click on “What is a Protein?” Answer the questions below. a. What type of proteins are involved in sending a pain signal? ___________________________________________________________________ b. Another type of protein is a structural protein. How do structural proteins help nerve cells? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ c. What process is taking place in the nucleus in which DNA is used as a template to make mRNA? __________________________ d. What process is taking place at the ribosome to make the protein? __________________ 3. When you are done with this page, get back to the original page by clicking the Home button in the top left corner of the page. 4. Click on the link “Molecules of Inheritance” and then click on “Transcribe and Translate a Gene.” 5. Click on the link “Are you ready to transcribe a DNA sequence and translate it into a protein – Click here to begin” 6. Type in the correct mRNA sequence based on the DNA template. 7. Drag the cursor over the start codon and click. (Note: If you don’t remember what the start codon is, look it up in your notes or the book). 8. Now click and drag on the correct amino acid and place it in the corresponding box over the mRNA strand. Record the AMINO ACIDS composing the protein below. (You should list 5 amino acids). ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is the start CODON? ____________________________________ 10. How many stop codons are there TOTAL in the genetic code chart?_______________________ 11. Click the “Molecules of Inheritance” button in the top left corner of the screen. Click on the link “What Makes a Firefly Glow.” 12. Work your way through the activity by clicking Play and READ the information on each page. Answer the questions below: a. What enzyme do fireflies produce that generates light? ____________________________ b. What organic molecule group do enzymes belong? (prior knowledge) ________________ c. What gene specifies the amino acid sequence to produce the enzyme from question 12a? ________________________________________________________________________ d. RNA polymerase is used to unwind and unzip the DNA and add in new mRNA nucleotides to make mRNA. What step of protein synthesis is occurring? _______________________. e. Where does the process from 12d occur in a cell? ________________________________ f. The mRNA moves out of the _____________________________ and then attaches to a ________________________ after the process from 12d is complete. g. In this animation, what very important molecule is not present during the process of translation? Hint: The amino acids (different colored circles) don’t just pop out of the ribosome by themselves. What brings the amino acids to the ribosome? ___________________ h. How does the Luciferase enzyme become functional after the process of translation is completed?_______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ i. What are 2 reasons fireflies tails glow? These reasons are in the paragraphs underneath the animation. DNA & Protein Synthesis Crossword ACROSS 2 another name for a protein 1 sugar in DNA 6 building blocks of DNA and RNA 3 segment of DNA that codes for a protein 7 series of 3 nucleotides on mRNA 10 enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA during replication 4 weak bond found between nitrogen bases in DNA 5 series of 3 nucleotides on tRNA 11 occurs before a cell divides 8 bond that joins together amino acids 13 nitrogen base found in RNA instead of thymine 9 process that uses DNA to make mRNA 15 process that occurs at the ribosome and joins together amino acids 12 makes up the structure of the ribosome 16 sugar in RNA 14 A is ______ to T and C is _____ to G (same word) 18 strong bond found in the backbone of DNA 17 how DNA replicates pairing half of the old strand with a new strand 19 enzyme that adds new nucleotides to make DNA or RNA 20 building blocks of proteins DOWN