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Transcript
What does cell division do for an organism? What do the spindles pull apart? (credit) ANS It increases the number of cells ANS The chromatids are pulled apart What controls cell division? Why is it important to maintain the chromosome number in the daughter cells? (credit) ANS The nucleus ANS So the cells have all the information to function correctly If the chromosome number in the cell at the start is 8 chromosomes. What will the chromosome number of the two new daughter cells be? ANS Each will have 8 chromosomes What happens at the beginning of mitosis? (credit) ANS Each chromosome becomes two chromatids. What lines up at the equator during mitosis? (credit) ANS The chromosomes line up at the equator. ( Do NOT say chromatids) State 3 reasons why living cells need energy. Where does the CO2 come from during aerobic respiration. ANS Heat, movement and chemical reactions ANS It comes from the glucose Which food group contains the most chemical energy per gram? (credit) What type of energy is released during aerobic respiration? ANS Fats (lipids) ANS Heat energy In aerobic respiration what must cells have a supply of to release the energy from the food? Why is energy released during aerobic respiration so important to the metabolism of the cell? (credit) ANS Oxygen ANS As energy is needed to allow the chemical reactions to occur What two substances are at the start of the equation for aerobic respiration? ANS Oxygen + glucose What are the products of aerobic respiration? ANS Energy + CO2 + H2O Why do cells need enzymes? Name 2 factors that affect the activity of enzymes. ANS To speed up and control their chemical reactions ANS pH and temperature Why is starch the specific substrate for amylase? (credit) What is the optimum temperature for pepsin? ANS As starch fits into the active site of amylase enzyme ANS 37oC Name the specific substrate for catalase? (credit) What is the optimum pH for the enzyme pepsin? (credit) ANS hydrogen peroxide ANS pH 2 Name the enzyme that speeds up a synthesis reaction. What are all enzymes made of? ANS Phosphorylase enzyme ANS proteins What chemical reactions does catalase speed up and control? What happens to enzyme activity at low temperatures? (credit) ANS hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water ANS Their activity stops or slows down What chemical reaction does phosphorylase speed up and control? What happens to enzymes activity when they are above 50oC (credit) ANS glucose -1- phosphate to starch ANS They become denatured What is the function of the cell membrane? What makes some plant cells green? ANS Controls what enters and leaves the cell ANS Chloroplasts What is the function of the nucleus? Why do we stain some cells when making slides? ANS Controls the cells activity ANS To make parts (nucleus) of the cell more visible What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells? What units are cells measured in? ANS For shape and support ANS micrometres (microns) What is the cell wall made of? How many micrometres in a mm? ANS Cellulose ANS 1000 What is the function of the chloroplasts? List the three main parts of any cell. ANS To photosynthesise ANS Nucleus, Cytoplasm and cell membrane List two things all plant cells have but animals do not. If a cell is 250 micrometres long, what would that be expressed as a mm? ANS Cell wall and vacuole ANS 0.25 mm What is the definition of diffusion? What is the function of the cell membrane? ANS When molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down a concentration gradient ANS controls what enters or leaves the cell Name two molecules that would diffuse into a cell. Describe osmosis. (credit) ANS Glucose / oxygen ANS When water moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration passing through a selectively permeable membrane Name two things that could diffuse out of a cell. What would happen to plant cell in pure water? (credit) ANS Waste / Carbon dioxide ANS It becomes turgid What type of molecules can pass through the selectively permeable membrane? What happens to an animal cell in pure water? (credit) ANS Small and soluble ANS it bursts Why is diffusion important to organisms? (credit) Explain what happens to plant cell in strong salt solution. (credit) ANS It allows gas exchange ANS water moves out of the cell by osmosis because there is a higher water concentration inside the cell