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SPRING MULTIPLE CHOICE FINAL REVIEW! (Exam 5/25)
HONORS BIOLOGY
1. The indigenous people of Australia want to do an experiment
to decrease the population size of non-native (invasive) cane
toad species. There is a spray that claims to prevent maturity of
specific type (dominant) of non-native toad eggs (therefore
decreasing population size of the cane toad).
a. What should the indigenous people’s investigative
question/hypothesis be?
Period _____ Date __________
2. How could the indigenous people test their hypothesis?
3. What are experimental variables in their experiment?
a. Independent
b. Dependent
c. Control
d. Constants
4. These are the results of the Cane Toad experiment:
Spray Results
WITHOUT SPRAY
Week 1
Week 2
# mature eggs
100
105
WITH SPRAY
Week 1
Week 2
# mature eggs
50
35
a. What should their conclusion be?
Week 3
111
Week 3
29
5. How do you graph the results? (what information should you fill in on the graph below…).
6. What can be implied about genetic variation based on the results of this experiment?
7. How would the indigenous people of Australia confirm the experimental data?
Week 4
109
Week 4
32
8. If the spray used on the cane toad eggs was acidic this
might affect the population of other organisms in the
community. Using the table to the right explain what would
happen if…
a. the pH changed from 7.0 to 5.5?
b. the pH changed from 7.0 to 4.5?
c. the pH changed from 7.0 to 3.5?
9. How do you get from DNA to chromosomes to genes?
10. Who determined the structure of DNA (several scientists are credited for this, list them all).
11. How is DNA replicated? To replicate DNA …
a. Helicase cuts the ________________ bonds
b. DNA ____________________ adds complimentary nucleotides to the 3’ end.
c.
d.
e.
f.
DNA = C C T A C G G G A T T C
DNA = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (complementary strand)
DNA’s double strand is held together by weak ____________________ bonds
Each nucleotide (containing a ________________________ base, ___________________ and
____________________) is held together between the sugar and phosphate by strong ________________
bonds
12. Describe how RNA is different than DNA.
13. How do you transcribe DNA?
a. DNA = C C T A C G G G A T T C
b. mRNA = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
c. A pairs with ___
d. G pairs with ___
e. T pairs with ___
f. Where does transcription occur?
14. How do you translate DNA? Using the mRNA strand from above, and
the chart for amino acids, translate the mRNA strand.
a.
b. In a cell the mRNA, _____ and ______ build proteins.
15. Label the picture of translation below:
16. Where does translation take place?
17. Label and describe the cell cycle to the right.
18. What makes the cell move from phase to phase in the cell cycle?
19. What are the purposes and processes of mitosis?
20. What are the purposes and process of meiosis?
21. What is crossing over?
22. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis
Meiosis
# of divisions
# of daughter cells
Genetically identical?
Where
When
Role
23. What does haploid and diploid mean?
24. What occurs on the cellular level during fertilization?
25. Who is the Father of Genetics?
26. List and describe his 3 laws
a.
b.
c.
27. What is genotype and phenotype?
a. Genotype=
b. Phenotype =
28. A loving couple wants to have children. They are both heterozygous for brown eyes. They want a blue-eyed child.
What are their chances?
a. What is the genotypic ratio? _______________________
b. What is the phenotypic ratio? ______________________
29. What is the purpose of a dihybrid cross?
30. What is a testcross used for? How is it set up?
31. What is the difference between incomplete and co-dominance?
a. Incomplete:
b. Co-dominance:
i. Ex. If mom has black hair and dad has white hair, what would codominant inheritance look like? What would incomplete inheritance look
like?
32. Define the following inheritance pattern terms:
a. epistasis
b. multiple alleles
c. polygenic
d. pleiotropy
33. Define Karyotype34. Define nondisjunction 35. What disorder is caused by trisomy 21? How would you identify this in a karyotype?
36. Define autosomal chromosomes.
37. Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan and what did he study?
38. Define sex-linked chromosomes.
39. What is fitness?
40. What evidence supports evolution? List.
a.
b.
c.
d.
41. Use the following chart to draw a cladogram. Label the different parts of your cladogram and then explain the
relatedness of the organisms.
Character used in analysis
4 legs
Fur
Tail
bipedal
Fish
-
-
+
-
Reptiles
+
-
+
-
monkeys
+
+
+
-
Apes
+
+
-
-
Man
+
+
-
+
42. What is comparative anatomy?
a. Homologous structure=
b. Analogous structure=
c. Vestigial structure=
43. What are patterns in the fossil record?
a. Punctuated equilibrium
b. Adaptive radiation
c. Extinction
44. What is natural selection?
45. What are the causes and effects of natural selection? (describe/explain the following)
a. variation
b. overpopulation
c. adaptation
d. descent with modification
46. How do new species emerge? (Isolating mechanisms- list and describe)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
47. Define species. Describe all variables.
48. What are allele frequencies?
49. How do allele frequencies change?
a.
b.
c.
50. How do you graph allele frequencies?
a.
b.
c.
d.
51. What is genetic drift?
a. Bottleneck effect
b. Founder effect
52. What is the story of the peppered moth? What is industrial melanism?
53. What is gene flow?
54. Who is Charles Darwin and what did he teach us? How would Mendel’s data have helped Darwin?
55. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
a. Biotic
b. Abiotic
56. What influences do biotic and abiotic factors have on populations?
a. Density-dependent limiting factors
b. Density-independent limiting factors
57. What are some similarities and differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
a. Autotroph
b. Heterotroph
58. What is a food chain?
59. Define trophic level60. Compare a food chain and an energy pyramid.
61. How do biomass levels change through food webs and energy pyramids?
62. How does immigration and emigration affect population size?
a. Immigration
b. emmigration
63. What is carrying capacity? Give examples of limiting factors:
64. What are biogeochemical cycles? List some processes within each that cycle each element.
65. How do humans affect the environment?
a. Eutrophication
b. Air
c. Water
66. Identify effects of society on scientific innovation and vice versa.
67. How do humans influence biodiversity? (describe the following)
a. Loss of habitat
b. Habitat fragmentation
68. How do humans impact natural systems? (describe the following)
a. Urban spawl
b. Global warming
69. What is the difference between clear cutting and deforestation?
70. How do humans use renewable resources?
71. What are invasive species?
72. What is the green house effect, what causes it? Why is it both a positive and negative effect?
73. What are some conservation techniques? (describe the following)
a.
Sustainable practices
b.
Reforestation
c.
Fishing regulation
d.
Conservation