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FL #14 Immune
System 10BC
Figure 40–8 Structure
of an Antibody
Section 402
Antigenbinding
sites
Antigen
bacterium
Antibody
•The bacterium is an antigen
An infectious disease
is caused by
Pathogens
Bacteria,
viruses, &
fungi (germs).
•Antibodies-protein that
helps destroy pathogens
 Has
2 antigen binding
sites
 Pathogen invades body
 Antigens on pathogen
recognized by some B
cells
Specific Defenses
 A.
Humoral immunity Immunity against
pathogens in the body
fluids (blood & lymph)
 1-B cells (WBC)
lymphocyte-produce
antibodies
 2-
Antigen/antibodies
Activated B cells grow and
divide rapidly (a million)
 3-Produce specialized B cellsplasma cells (T cells help with
this also)
 4-Plasma cells-release
antibodies into the blood to
attack the pathogen causing
infection
A person who receives
a vaccine for the fluinfluenza
 Is
able to produce
antibodies against the
flu
When a person
receives a
vaccine(shot) their
body

create plasma cells (B cells)
that can produce antibodies
against a specific pathogen.
(flu, polio, hepatitis)
Function of Antibodies:
 Attach
to antigens and
attract phagocytes
which engulf (eat) the
antigens
 phagocytes-engulf
&
destroy bacteria –most
WBC are this type
“phag”=eat, “cytes”=cell
Inflammatory Response
 Pathogens
detected
 Millions of WBC’s produced to
fight infection
 Blood test reveals increase in
WBC’s-body is dealing w/ a
serious infection
 Immune system releases
chemicals that increase core
temperature
FEVER- INCREASED body
temp
 Many
pathogens survive in a
narrow temp. range
 Elevated temp:1) slows down or
stops growth of pathogens
 2) increase heart rate, WBC’s get
to infection quicker
 3)Speeds activities of WBC’s &
rate of chemical reactions that
repair damaged tissues
1. (10b) Humoral
immunity is carried
out by
A.Killer T Cells
B.Lymphocytes
C.Antibodies
D.macrophages
2. (10b) In the figure
below the red
bacterium represents a
A.Antigen or pathogen
B.Antibody
C.Killer T Cell
D.Antigen binding site
E
3. (10b) Which of the
following is the function of
antibodies in the immune
response?
A.Antibodies produce
antibiotics.
B.Antibodies attach to antigens
and attract phagocytes which
engulf & destroy the antigen.
C.Antibodies produce
interferon.
4. (10c) When a person
receives a vaccine, his or her
body creates a memory that
A.Receives antibodies against a
specific pathogen
B.Creates plasma cells that can
produce antibodies against that
specific pathogen.
C.Has polio antibodies in the blood
D.Has antipolio killer T cells in
blood
5. 10B Antibodies fight
infections by
A. Preventing Viruses from replicating
B. Killing infected cells
C. Helping leucocytes identify pathogens
D. Growing green mold that stops
bacterial growth