Download ANSWERS TO IMMUNOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS 1. (a) Formation

ANSWERS TO IMMUNOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
1.
(a)
(b)
Formation of vesicle / phagocytosis;
Derived from plasma membrane / eq;
2
(i)
Lyosome;
1
(ii)
Contain hydrolytic enzymes;
To break down / digest bacterium;
2
(Total 5 marks)
2.
(a)
(b)
B, AB, O
(All three correct = 2, two correct = 1.1 correct = 0)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2
Patient 1 has B antigens;
React specifically with anti-B antibodies;
2
Patient 3;
Because patient 3 has no antigens on red blood cells;
2
Only four blood groups / many people share a blood group;
Genetic fingerprinting looks at DNA sequence / greater range of variation;
Which is individual;
2
(Total 8 marks)
3.
(a)
Weakened organism;
(b)
On further exposure to same microorganism;
Antigen recognised;
Faster response;
Greater production of antibodies;
(c)
(d)
1
MAX 3
Number of reported cases falls after vaccination introduced;
Because fewer individuals are vulnerable / less people to infect /
more people immune;
2
There was a reduction in number of new individuals being vaccinated
/ vaccine uptake was lower / higher number of babies;
1
(Total 7 marks)
4.
Quality of Written Communication
Answers to this question require continuous prose. Quality of written communication should be considered in
crediting points in the marking scheme. In order to gain credit, answers must be expressed logically in clear,
scientific terms.
B-lymphocytes respond to specific antigen;
divide rapidly/clone produced;
form plasma cells;
plasma cells secrete antibodies;
some form memory cells which become active on second exposure to antigen;
produce antibodies faster
(Max 5)
(Total 15 marks)