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BLOOD TYPES 1901 - Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups Even animals have blood types Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles 4 Possible Blood Types Alleles (genes): A, B, O A & B are codominant O is recessive Genotypes Antigen & Antibody •HOW DO WBC’s recognize pathogens? •Antigens are molecular labels that identify cells •Antigens are found on the surface of Red Blood Cell membranes •“Like name tags” •Antigens help identify cells as “self” or “foreign” •Antibodies are proteins found in plasma •Antibodies are highly specific, they search for only one kind of foreign antigen •When plasma antibodies find foreign antigens they latch on agglutinate (clump the foreign cells) RBC Antigens Blood Type Antigens Blood that has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system AB is the Universal Acceptor O is the Universal Donor Rh Factor Rh = rhesus factor, another antigen A person can either be Rh + or Rh – (positive is dominant), + = you HAVE Rh Rh Factor and Pregnancy *Problem: When a fetus is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, this can cause the mother’s immune system to attack the fetus. There are drugs that will suppress this reaction.