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BLOOD TYPES
1901 - Austrian Karl
Landsteiner discovered
human blood groups
Even animals have blood types
Blood Type is Controlled by 3
Alleles 4 Possible Blood Types
Alleles (genes): A, B, O
A & B are codominant
O is recessive
Genotypes
Antigen & Antibody
•HOW DO WBC’s recognize pathogens?
•Antigens are molecular labels that identify
cells
•Antigens are found on the surface of Red
Blood Cell membranes
•“Like name tags”
•Antigens help identify cells as “self” or
“foreign”
•Antibodies are proteins found in plasma
•Antibodies are highly specific, they search
for only one kind of foreign antigen
•When plasma antibodies find foreign
antigens they latch on agglutinate (clump the
foreign cells)
RBC Antigens
Blood Type Antigens
Blood that has antibodies on it
that is not recognized by the
body will be attacked by your
immune system
AB is the Universal Acceptor
O is the Universal Donor
Rh Factor
Rh = rhesus factor, another antigen
A person can either be Rh + or Rh –
(positive is dominant), + = you HAVE Rh
Rh Factor and Pregnancy
*Problem: When a fetus is Rh+ and the
mother is Rh-, this can cause the mother’s
immune system to attack the fetus. There
are drugs that will suppress this reaction.