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Transcript
First line of defense (non-specific barriers): physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering (skin, mucus, acids in the stomach, etc.) This barrier is non-specific because it will exist no-matter-what. Second line of defense (non-specific white blood cells): leukocytes are white blood cells. They are nonspecific because they will react to any foreign invader. 1. INFLAMMATION: Damaged tissue’s leukocytes cause blood vessels to dilate and the area becomes RED. Fluid builds up, causing SWELLING and PAIN. 2. Phagocytes and monocytes eat foreign invaders. Granulocytes •Neutrophil •Eosinophil •Basinophil Agranulocytes •Lymphocyte •Monocyte Phagocytes (engulf and destroy bacteria) Kills parasitic worms, destroys antigen-antibody complexes Releases heparin (anti-coagulant) and histamine, which prevents inflammation. Involved in the immune response. Includes B cells and T cells. Phagocytosis Monocytes are the chief phagocytes. They circulate in the blood for 1–2 days before entering body tissues to become macrophages. Third line of defense: (specific antigens/antibodies): 1. The pathogen or foreign invader has ANTIGENS on the surface of it’s structure. 2. White blood cells called lymphocytes recognize a foreign invader because of its ANTIGENS and will cause our B cells (types of lymphocytes, white blood cells) to begin to make proteins called ANTIBODIES. 3. ANTIBODIES have a special molecular form that allows them to match ANTIGENS like a puzzle piece. 4. Once attached, the invader can be destroyed! Some B cells can remember an antigen and produce antibodies quicker next time! Pathogen infects human. This pathogen contains ___________ antigens that mark it as an invader. A white blood cell (phagocyte) recognizes the pathogen as an invader and engulfs it through ________________. phagocytosis T activates The phagocyte ____________ Helper T cells. The phagocyte now displays the pathogen antigen from the _______________. B Helper T cells activate B cells which then produce antibodies _______________. These antibodies attach to the pathogen and signal for them to be destroyed ___________. VOCABULARY Antigen: marker on pathogens that signal for the production of antibodies. Antibodies: proteins that are found in the blood that detect and destroy invaders. Vaccine: a weakened or dead pathogen that is injected into a organism to stimulate the immune system and the production of antibodies. Pathogen: Any bacteria or virus that can cause disease. First line of defense (non-specific barriers): Second line of defense (non-specific white blood cells): 1. 2. Granulocytes •Neutrophil •Eosinophil •Basinophil Agranulocytes •Lymphocyte •Monocyte Phagocytes (engulf and destroy bacteria) Kills parasitic worms, destroys antigen-antibody complexes Releases heparin (anti-coagulant) and histamine, which prevents inflammation. Involved in the immune response. Includes B cells and T cells. Phagocytosis Monocytes are the chief phagocytes. They circulate in the blood for 1–2 days before entering body tissues to become macrophages. Third line of defense: (specific antigens/antibodies): 1. The pathogen or foreign invader has ANTIGENS on the surface of it’s structure. 2. White blood cells called lymphocytes recognize a foreign invader because of its ANTIGENS and will cause our B cells (types of lymphocytes, white blood cells) to begin to make proteins called ANTIBODIES. 3. ANTIBODIES have a special molecular form that allows them to match ANTIGENS like a puzzle piece. 4. Once attached, the invader can be destroyed! Some B cells can remember an antigen and produce antibodies quicker next time! THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE: SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE Pathogen infects human. This pathogen contains ___________ that mark it as an invader. A white blood cell (phagocyte) recognizes the pathogen as an invader and engulfs it through _________________. T The phagocyte _________ Helper T cells. The phagocyte now displays the antigen from the ______________. B Helper T cells activate B cells which then produce _________________. These antibodies attach to the pathogen and signal for them to be _________. Antigen:__________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Antibody: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Vaccine: __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Pathogen: _________________________________________________