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Speed Dating



You are to research your randomly assigned psychologist
using the guide below (#1)
Bring with you to class:
1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the essential
information from your research.


The psychologist’s name, details of their research and/or
importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist,
psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, its a cheat-sheet
to ensure you cover all the relevant information and correctly
represent yourself.
2. A prop of some kind to represent your research.

For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study (among
many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay,
a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle
bell, etc.... Be creative.
Stop & Look & Listen
History and
Approaches
What do we Know about
Psychology?
What is Psychology?
Complete Questionnaire
Please select True or False for Each
Question (use what you know to the best
of your ability)
 How did you feel after taking the test?
How well do you think you did? How did
you know the information that you did?

PSEUDOSCIENCE

Promises easy fixes to life’s
problems and challenges
 Love
 Unhappiness
 Get both halves of your brain
working
Pseudoscience
NUMEROLOGY
Do You Believe?

Do you believe in astrology, psychics,
numerology, graphology?

Why or why not?
FORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICS
PSYCHIC FAILS
Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated 2005Saddam Hussein would die before his trial
 Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps
keep his career ticking”
 Published hours after Ritter died of a ruptured Aorta

Linda & Terry Jamison

"We are seeing terrorist attacks on
federal government – excuse me,
federal buildings. Particularly
South Carolina or Georgia, by July
2002. And also the New York
Trade Center – the World Trade
Center in 2002, with something,
with a terrorist attack.
What is Psychology?
What Fields Can A Psychologist go
into?


What kind of different fields
can you get into with a Psych
Degree?
You & a Partner will be
assigned a field.
Research it (what they do, where
they work)
 Come up with a skit to show an
example of why you would need
such a psychologist
 Ex: If you’re a sports psych.
You can do a skit of a kid
playing a sport and then
something happens
 Be ready to present on Friday (skit
first, then explanation)

Careers in Psychology
Psychologist

Need a doctorate graduate
degree
 May take 4-6 years to earn
a doctorate in a subfield
Clinical Psychologist

Diagnose and treat patients
with psychological
problems
 Day

to day issues
Largest number of
professional psychologists
Basic Research/ Experimental
Psychologist
 Pure
science or research
 Research for the sake of finding new
information and expanding the knowledge
base of psychology
 Conducts research in a lab
Neuropsychologist

Also called biological
psychologists or
biopsychologists
 Explore how the brain
works
 Most often work in
university/college settings
Social Psychologist

Explore how
behaviors, feelings,
and beliefs are
influenced by others
 Study conformity,
attitudes, leadership,
prejudice, group
behavior, etc.
 Work in the business
setting, government,
and universities
Developmental Psychologist

Study the growth or development that
takes place from the womb to death
 Work in senior centers, hospitals, daycares or universities
Cognitive Psychologist
 Study
thought processes including
intelligence, problem solving, attention,
decision making, language, etc.
 Work in educational settings and the
business world
Forensic Psychologist

Apply law and psychology
to legal issues
 Studies Actions and Motives
of criminals
 Work in correctional
settings, law enforcement,
and academic settings
Sports Psychologist
 Explore
psychological
issues in improving
athletic performance as
well as recovering
from a loss or injury
 Work for sports teams
or in private practice
Educational Psychologist
Study how humans learn
and how to improve the
learning process
 Search for ways to
improve educational
systems
 Memory
 Rewards/punishment for
achievement
 Work in school systems,
the government, or at
universities

PSYCHOMETRIC PSYCHOLOGIST

Design and
evaluate tests
of mental
abilities,
aptitudes,
interests, and
personality
School Psychologist
 Use
psychology to improve the
development of children in the school
system
 Are involved in assessments (testing)
 Work for school systems, the
government or universities
Consumer Psychologist
 Study
why people buy certain products
and not others
 Work in the business or academic world
Rehabilitation Psychologist
 Help
those who have been involved in
an accident or have been ill
 Work in medical rehabilitation centers
Social Worker
 Only
have an undergraduate or masters
degree in psychology or social work
 Work to improve the lives of others
 Work for the government, schools, and
residential facilities
INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL

Try to apply psychology to help
business and organizations
operate
 Behavior
at the workplace
 Group decision making
 Employee morale
 Work motivation
 Productivity
 Job stress
 Personnel selection
 Marketing strategies
Where do Psychologists
work?
 36%
-Academic Institutions
 22% - Clinical Settings (Private Practice)
 17% - Hospitals and Clinics
 12% - Business and Government
 6% - Counseling and Guidance Centers
 5% - School Systems
 1% - Other
Practice Question #1
1. Martha is pursuing a career in psychology.
She wants to help employees become
more productive in the workplace. Which
field of psychology should Martha select
for school?
a. Physiological
b. Cognitive
c. Educational
d. Clinical
e. Industrial-organizational
What is Psychology?
↓Root
Words↓
Psyche: the soul
Ology: the study of
What is psychology?
The scientific study of
behavior & mental processes
Science:
making verifiable,
objective predictions
Behavior: observable acts
Mental Processes: storing,
recalling, using info/feelings
What is Psychology?

Affected by (response to)
 Physical
state
 Mental state
 External environment
Hippocrates & Aristotle


Greek philosopher:
Founder of modern
medicine
Brain is ultimate source of
(feelings such as pleasure
and pain (Biological
perspective)
- Use senses to get
information
- Use information to solve
problems
- motivated to act in good
or bad ways
Historical Origins of
Psychology

Rene Descartes
 True
knowledge comes
through reasoning
 Heredity provides
individuals with inborn
knowledge and abilities
and we use this to
reason

We are to doubt everything –
that’s the only way we can be
certain about anything

I think, therefore I am (because
we think, we exist)
Historical Origins of
Psychology

John Locke
 Saw
the mind as
receptive and passive,
with its main goal as
sensing and perceiving
 Tabula rasa – we are
born as a blank slate,
 everything
learned
we know is
Who’s Right????
Practice Question #2
1. Which of the following characterizes a
behavioral approach to psychology?
d.
A study of the unconscious motives involved in
behavior
An introspective study of mental imagery used in
problem solving
An analysis of the neurons involved in memory
storage
The use of a projective test to assess personality
e.
A study of how reinforcement affects learning
a.
b.
c.
Psychological
Perspectives
Why is a person the way they
are? Depends on who you ask…
I’m gonna need 6 participants 
The Blind Men & The Elephant
The Father of Psychology
 Wilhelm
Wundt Opened 1st
Psychology lab
(1879)
- Germany
Est. Psych as a
Science
- lab experiments
- empirical evidence
Could you hang with Wilheim Wundt?
Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make 10,000
practice observations about themselves before
considered for studies
 Come up with 50 observations about thoughts,
sensations, images, and feelings. 5 minutes

Who thinks they can do more?
 Nothing can be repeated

The Father of Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt
 Focus

on consciousness
consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic
elements
 Introspection
Self-observation:
‘seeing’
mental processes in
immediate experience

record thoughts, sensations, feeling, and images and to analyze
them when you are experiencing something

Reactions to simple stimuli
The First Schools of
Psychology

Structuralism (what happened, what is
there)
sensation & perception and breaking those down into
minute detail
 Edward Bradford Titchner (Wundt’s student)
 Three basic mental elements
 Images, feelings & sensations
1. Introspection
2. Wanted to understand the structural elements of the
mind (FEELING)

a. Mind operates by combining subjective emotions
and objective sensations
The First Schools of Psychology

Functionalism 1890 (how and why did it
happen)
 Applying
Darwin’s theory of natural selection to mental
processes (what was the purpose of thinking?)
 William
James (Father of American
Psychology)
 How
and why (purpose) of behavior
 The nose is structured to smell, but why do we
need the nose to smell?? What’s its function?
Other Early Schools of
Psychology
 Gestalt
psychology (1890)
 Wholes vs. multiple individual
elements
A whole is greater than the
sum of it’s parts
Examine
a person’s who
experience
 Don’t
dissect an experience into separate
elements to discover truths – instead, look at the
‘whole’
WHAT DO YOU SEE??
Next slide
Autumn by Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1573)
How does this painting illustrate
Gestalt Psychology??
What do you see when you see this
car?
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Austrian physician, and his followers emphasized
the importance of the unconscious mind and its
effects on human behavior.
‘Modern’ Schools of
Psychology

Freud’s Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic)
Theory (20th century)
 Conscious vs. unconscious conflicts
Behavior
results from unconscious
drives & conflicts
 memories
of which we are not aware &
cannot control especially sexual drives
from childhood
Behaviorism


Pioneered by Ivan Pavlov
(1849-1936)
CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING =
behavior as the product of
prior experience
famous experiment where he rang a
bell every time he fed some dogs, the
dogs would salivate with the food.
Eventually the dogs began salivating
when Pavlov rang the bell
 Unintentional (studying the digestion
of dogs)

John B. Watson (18781958)

First to use the term
‘behaviorism’
(founder)
 Famous experiment
with Little Albert
(1920)
 Emotions like fear
could be
conditioned
 Science
of behavior
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Huge influence on
behaviorism

Introduced the idea of
REINFORCEMENT,
and Operant
Conditioning
 Behavior
is a result
of reinforcement &
punishment
Behavioral Perspective

All Behavior is LEARNED
Modeling
 Imitating
 Reinforcements
 “You are what you learned”


Focuses on OBSERVABLE
behaviors over inner
experiences.

Only cares about the behaviors that get
in the way of our living, and attempts to
change them.
If you bit your fingernails
when you were nervous, a
behaviorist would not focus on
calming you down, but rather
focus on how to stop you from
biting your nails.
Nature v. Nurture
 NATURE
 NURTURE
 we
are born the  we are raised a
way we are
certain way
 Genetics
and
hormones explain
behavior
 Biology
 Environmental
factors explain
behavior
 Experience
Nature v. Nurture
Am I the way I am because I
was born that way or
because of my
Can I ever be like
these people, or
surroundings?
does nature give me
limitations?
Biological Perspective
 impact
of biology on our
behavior
 how
the brain, nervous system,
hormones, & genetics influence
our behavior
 referred
to as
psychobiologists
Neuroscience/Biological
Perspective
If you could not remember the
names of your parents and went
to a psychologist who adheres to
the neuroscience perspective,
what might they say?
Cognitive Perspective
 Cognitive

= Thinking
how we process, store,
and use information
 how
info. influences our
thinking, language,
reasoning, problem
solving, and creativity
 Behavior influenced by
mental processes,
perceptions, beliefs
memories & expectations
Cognitive Perspective
How do we see the
world?
 How did we learn to
act to sad or happy
events?
 Cognitive
Therapist
attempt to
change the way
you think.

Meet girl
Or get back on the
horse
Get Rejected
by girl
Did you learn to
be depressed
Humanistic Psychology

Individual or self-directed choices
influence our behavior
 Reaching
our full potential  SELF
ACTUALIZATION
 The
environment and other outside forces simply serve as a
background to our own internal growth

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
“Hierarchy of Needs”
Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on positive growth
 Attempt to seek self-actualization
 Therapists use active listening and
unconditional positive regard.

 Mr. Rogers would
have made a great
Humanistic
Therapist!!!
Socio-cultural
Perspective
 Studying
the influence of cultural
and ethnic similarities and
differences on behavior and
social functioning
 Rules,
Roles, Social Norms &
Groups
Social-Cultural
Perspective
Even in the
same high
school,
behaviors can
change in
accordance to
the various
subcultures.
Evolutionary
Psychology
 Charles
 All
Darwin
behavior stems from survival of
the fittest
 Instinctual behavior
 Motivated to spread genetic material
Practice Question #2
1. Which of the following characterizes a
behavioral approach to psychology?
d.
A study of the unconscious motives involved in
behavior
An introspective study of mental imagery used in
problem solving
An analysis of the neurons involved in memory
storage
The use of a projective test to assess personality
e.
A study of how reinforcement affects learning
a.
b.
c.
Practice Question #2
#2. Of the following topics, which
would a cognitive psychologist be
most likely to study?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Conformity behavior of college students
Genetic determinants of behavior
Problem-solving strategies in chess
Personnel selection problems
Maturational processes in adolescent
development
Practice Question #3
1. John B. Watson is best known as the
founder of
a. Behaviorism
b. Functionalism
c. Rationalism
d. Structuralism
e. Mechanism
Perspectives Through Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3
VwzraM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05
svXp98


Which perspective does this music video
represent and why/how?