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Visual Processing Sensory Neural Systems 5 February 2008 Rachel L. León Review Basic eye structure Sensory cells of the eye Retinal processing http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/06/bio101_lecture_6 _physiology_re.php http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutoria ls/Vision/images/Rodcell.jpg http://www.matossianeye.com/art2/ANATONY2.jpg Neural Coding in the Retina Ganglion cells influenced by many receptors Pattern of illumination that maximally excites ganglion cell is doughnut shaped Center-surround receptive field Lateral inhibition of receptive fields enhances boundaries X, Y, W ganglion cells http://www.neurobio.arizona.edu/282/Lectures200 5/Visual%20pathways/Blk3Lec2.htm Outline Classical Visual Pathway Organization of optic nerves and tracts Lateral geniculate nuclei Primary visual cortex Other Pathways http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n3/fig_tab/nrn1630_F4.html Optic Nerve and Tract Temporal retinal fibers maintain ipsilateral position Nasal retinal fibers cross at optic chiasm Optic tract contains all information from contralateral visual field http://library.thinkquest.org/26313/eye_wo1.jpg Lateral Geniculate Nucleus http://www.physics.utoledo.edu/~lsa/_color/17_eye.htm LGN receives most input from optic tracts 6 layer structure Magnocellular layers Parvocellular layers Gross Dissection – Human Visual Pathway http://anatomy.uams.edu/ AnatomyHTML/atlas_htm l/eye_38.html Primary Visual Cortex Simple cells vs. Complex cells Cortical orientation columns Ocular dominance columns Blobs – receive parvocellular input http://www.neurobio.arizona.edu/282/Lectures2005/Visual%20pathways/10_022.jpg Other Visual Pathways Most of the axons not going to LGN terminate in superior colliculus Some efferents from SC go to pulvinar Pulvinar efferents terminate in visual cortex other than V1 Some optic tract axons terminate in pretectal area