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Transcript
The nervous system From the perspective of contemporary psychology A survey of the nervous system Within the broad heading of the Nervous System we find many component systems and subdivisions The first are: a) The Central Nervous System – the brain and the spinal cord, and b) The Peripheral Nervous System – bundles of axons connecting the spinal cord and the rest of the body. The spinal cord A rope of neural tissue that runs inside the hollows of the vertebrae from just above the pelvis into the base of the skull Connected to both sensory ( pain, touch, and pleasure) and motor ( contract and relax muscles) neurons Facilitates reflexes - rapid, involuntary responses to stimulus the peripheral nervous system Divides into : a) the Somatic Nervous System – nerves which communicate with the skin and muscles and b) the Autonomic Nervous System – nerves which control the involuntary muscles, internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach, etc.) and glands The autonomic nervous system Two divisions: 1) Sympathetic – prepares your body for action, fight or flight blood flows to muscles epinephrine increases heart rate lungs pull in more oxygen sweat forms for cooling 2) Parasympathetic – returns your body to its resting state, conserves energy heart rate slows epinephrine cut off lungs relax stomach resumes digestion The endocrine system A set of glands that produce and release hormones These hormones influence thoughts, behaviors and actions Transmitted through the blood Have a global effect as compared to the local effect of neurotransmitters Include the hypothalamus and pituitary Hormones of note Melatonin – aids sleep, from pineal gland Oxytocin – the cuddle hormone, from pituitary gland Cortisol, Epinephrine, etc.– arousing, from adrenal glands Sex hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen, etc. – differentiate the sexes (and much more), mostly from the gonads