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The Role of MPs in Building A Unified Policy Response to Climate Change Presented by The Climate Change Division of The Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change to Members of Parliament November, 2013 A Summary: • Responding to climate change requires multiple actions, each tailored to the situation/constituency • Climate change creates many opportunities for those who are prepared • The Climate Change Division will coordinate actions and help mobilise resources Building Customised, Integrated Reponses Responding to climate change requires an internalization of the response by all citizens at all levels. The problem is too important and too pervasive. With climate change, we must change! CC Affects Constituencies Differently Everywhere is affected, but… • The West (2,3,8,9) dries the most • The South East (5) at highest disaster risk • The South (3,4,5) will see major saline intrusion • The South (3,4,5,6) warms the most How Will CC Affect Your Constituency? THE ROLE OF POLITICAL LEADERS IN RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE Mobilizing Communities – NonPartisan, but Political • Community engagement in projects vital for sustainable implementation • Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures require a consultative, community centred approach – Constituency plans vital • Political mechanisms are well positioned to engage citizens and to disseminate/collect information and resources Climate Change Must Influence Development Project Choices • Project conceptualization and execution must be forward-thinking and climate conscious – Risk mitigation – Resource efficiency • Coordination is needed, especially to overcome perceived conflicts in priorities • Recognition of the role of local government in planning • The CDF can be geared towards climate change adaptation and mitigation. Using Opportunities to Build Climate Resilience, and Vice Versa • Every infrastructure project (large and small) is a chance to build resilience, for example: – Rain water harvesting – Efficient and resilient buildings • Jobs can be created through resilience building and green job initiatives (per ILO) – Renewable energy, energy efficiency, smart agriculture and civil/environmental engineering works Funding Climate Adaptation and Mitigation • International mechanisms – UNFCCC – Multilateral and development bank support • Local funding – CDF already recognises disaster mitigation. Possibility to expand? • Non-climate specific funding – Building climate resilience into other funding/financing – E.g. energy retrofits Annette Thompson changes crops Farmers in rural St. Andrew begin terracing Mangrove replanting and channel engineering in Portland Bight Energy efficiency initiatives create jobs Wigton Wind Farm – cheap energy with local and international investment The Barbados Coastal Infrastructure Programme – enabling climate-smart tourism Alternative Livelihoods for fisherfolk THE CLIMATE CHANGE DIVISION’S ROLE Vision 2030 Jamaica & The CCD Jamaica, the place of choice to live, work, raise families, and do business • Goal 4 – Jamaica has a healthy environment • National Outcome 14 – Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change • National Development Plan recognizes – Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Hazard Risk Reduction as a National Outcome for our sustainable development. Priority Strategies Through 2015 • PRIORITY POLICY: V2030/Outcome 14 – Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change • National Strategy 14-3: Develop Measures to Adapt to Climate Change • National Strategy 14-4: Develop mechanisms to influence the global rate of climate change(linked to National Outcome 10) • Sector Strategy: Identify strategic priorities for Climate Change The Climate Change Policy Framework The vision is that: “Jamaica achieves its goals of growth and prosperity for its people while meeting the challenges of climate change as a country with enhanced resilience and capacity to adapt to the impacts and to mitigate the causes in a coordinated, effective and sustainable manner.” The Climate Change Policy Framework The Climate Change Division will implement: “…a sustainable institutional mechanism to facilitate the development, coordination and implementation of policies, sectoral plans, programmes, strategies, policies and legislation to address the impacts of climate change.” Functions of the CCD 1. Coordination of policy development and programmes including CC mainstreaming; 2. Information and data management; 3. Public awareness, education, research and science; 4. Mobilization of climate finance and other resources including through the private sector / PIOJ, and 5. International cooperation and negotiations. A Summary: • Responding to climate change requires multiple actions, each tailored to the situation/constituency • Climate change creates many opportunities for those who are prepared • The Climate Change Division will coordinate actions and help mobilise resources How Will Your Constituency Respond? Addenda STRATEGIES FOR THE CLIMATE CHANGE DIVISION Strategies 1 Development of key policies on climate change Strategies 2 Establish and operationalize the Climate Change Division Strategies 3 Establish a Net-work of Climate Change focal points across government Strategies 4 Creation of a database of current activities and project proposals in the pipeline designed specifically to address adaptation and mitigation of climate change Strategies 5 Set standards for the reporting, monitoring and evaluation of integrated climate change activities Strategies 6 Research agenda developed in collaboration with the Climate Change Advisory Committee and academic institutions Strategies 7 Improve mechanisms for the financing of climate change THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, SECTOR BY SECTOR Climate Change Will Affect Jamaica Parameter Predicted Change Surface temperature s Rise of 1.4 to 3.2°C Sea level rise Rise of 0.28 to 0.98 m Ocean acidity Reduction in pH of 0.14 – 0.35 units (more acidic) Tropical storms / hurricanes Likely (>66% certainty) increase in hurricane intensity Precipitation Less summer (June, July, August) precipitation Extreme weather events Number of flood events expected to increase; longer drought periods CC Affects Constituencies Differently Everywhere is affected, but… • The West (2,3,8,9) dries the most • The South East (5) at highest disaster risk • The South (3,4,5) will see major saline intrusion • The South (3,4,5,6) warms the most Climate Change Affects All Citizens and All Sectors Deeply, But Differently Some studies exist already; here’s what we can visualise. Agriculture Will Be Disrupted • Higher temperatures and lower precipitation – Reduced crop/ livestock productivity (quality, quantity and mortality) – Disruption of planting cycles • • • • Irrigated areas: saline ground water (esp. South) Rain fed areas: less rain overall, intense rainy spells Erosion More disaster events Must shift to climate resilient agriculture Sugar productivity over 3 climate scenarios Coastal Resources are in Danger • Increased storm surge – Inundation of low lying areas • Erosion • Habitat loss – Reefs (acidification, heat stress) – Wetlands (up to 60% loss, per WB study) • Losses of about US$630 million annually. Major infrastructure may be required Tourism May Experience Major Losses • By 2050, cumulative losses due to… – – – – Decreased arrivals: up to US $132 M Extreme events: up to US $5,488 M Sea level rise/acidification: up to US $7,956M Total: up to US $366 M per year More resilient infrastructure and coastal protection/restoration necessary The Health Sector will be Challenged • • • • • Water availability / quality Sanitation Heat stress and related mortality Changes in vectors Varying effects: – Leptospirosis, gastroenteritis may see slight worsening – Dengue projected to be much worse