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1MB - IPCC
1MB - IPCC

... Many concepts in this section are quite confusing and not necessary. This section should address the science supporting the needs for an integrated approach, and not simply build on concepts and philosophical values and statements. The overuse of transformation, global commons, procedural justice, e ...
South America - International Institute for Sustainable Development
South America - International Institute for Sustainable Development

... Growing understanding of the need to adapt to the impacts of climate change has led to a significant rise in ongoing and planned adaptation action in the developing regions of the world, including South America. This upsurge in climate change adaptation action is a welcome occurrence, but enhanced c ...
Scoping study: Modelling the interaction between mitigation and adaptation
Scoping study: Modelling the interaction between mitigation and adaptation

... dangerous climate change impacts become significant with larger increases in temperature. Since adaptation has limits, mitigation will be required to address this risk. Hence, combinations of mitigation and adaptation will be needed to avoid dangerous climate change. In exploring these combinations, ...
PDF
PDF

... absent. This is partly due to the fact that adaptation options are hard to quantify and compare with each other. Where mitigation has a clear common performance indicator, adaptation does not (Lecocq and Shalizi, 2007). There remains a large amount of uncertainty regarding climate change damages and ...
Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate
Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate

... This is an evaluation of estimates of the costs of adaptation made by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2007 and by some preceding studies (UNFCCC, 2007; Stern, 2006; World Bank, 2006; Oxfam, 2007; UNDP, 2007). The costs have been used as the basis for discussion ...
Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change
Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change

... Review leads to a simple conclusion: the benefits of strong and early action far outweigh the economic costs of not acting. Climate change will affect the basic elements of life for people around the world – access to water, food production, health, and the environment. Hundreds of millions of peopl ...
An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change
An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change

... Average temperature is already 0.7 degree above preindustrial level and further warming might be substantial if no immediate global action is undertaken. Even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at the 2000 level, a further warming would be observed due to the inertia of oceans (IPCC, ...
Review of climate change adaptation methods and tools
Review of climate change adaptation methods and tools

... decades. For developing countries, the task is particularly daunting. The process of adapting to new conditions, stresses and natural hazards that result from climate change will require additional interventions. Although most communities have some ability to respond to changes and extreme climatic ...
Climate change in Strategic Environmental Assessment
Climate change in Strategic Environmental Assessment

... to assess the effects of a specific project or implementation of a spatial plan on the environment – are considered to include possibilities to assess climate change issues in respectively projects and strategic plans, though especially SEA is found to be suitable for doing so. Its long-term time ho ...
A multistage crucible of revision and approval shapes IPCC
A multistage crucible of revision and approval shapes IPCC

... IPCC chair, provides explanations and proposes revisions in real time to address government comments raised from the floor. Hundreds of individuals participate in IPCC SPM approval plenaries, which are intense, diversely interpreted experiences. Anecdotes and perspectives on IPCC governmental approv ...
Climate Adaptation Outlook
Climate Adaptation Outlook

... inundation. On the other hand, there has been progress in reducing risks in some areas with where impacts on livelihoods are more immediate — for example through increased capacity to manage risks to activities that depend on water resources. In many cases (such as natural ecosystems) risks are know ...
PDF
PDF

... of GE and the higher its effectiveness, the lower will be the mitigation effort in the first stage. Moreover, GE will be more likely to be used if the climate sensitivity is going to be higher. This illustrates the insurance effect of geoengineering. Their results, however, are purely numerically ba ...
Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Children in
Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Children in

... This study seeks to redress this deficiency by exploring the key challenges that relate to children and climate change in South Africa. In addition to synthesising relevant international and South African literature about impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, the study is complemented by data colle ...
Why is socially-just climate change adaptation in sub
Why is socially-just climate change adaptation in sub

... adaptation that effects socially equitable and environmentally sustainable change on the ground.1,4–6 For instance, there is much evidence that poor people face serious structural, cultural, and social hurdles in their own efforts to respond to changes and stress, while planned attempts to support a ...
Working Paper 170 - Doda 2014 (opens in new window)
Working Paper 170 - Doda 2014 (opens in new window)

... Center in 2012 ranked geoengineering research and development 12th among the 40 projects they were presented with, putting it ahead, for example, of eorts to develop an HIV vaccine. Popular media references capture public attention with such headlines as  UN warms to idea of using giant mirrors in ...
Why is geoengineering so tempting?
Why is geoengineering so tempting?

... Center in 2012 ranked geoengineering research and development 12th among the 40 projects they were presented with, putting it ahead, for example, of eorts to develop an HIV vaccine. Popular media references capture public attention with such headlines as  UN warms to idea of using giant mirrors in ...
An Economic Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations
An Economic Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations

... This study provides an overview assessment of the potential economic costs of impacts and adaptation to climate change in eight major economic sectors in New York State in the ClimAID report. The goal of the study is to provide information on the economic impacts of climate change and adaptation for ...
PDF
PDF

... Finally, all the aforementioned studies stress that adaptation is a more effective option to reduce climate change damage, especially if agents have a strong preference for the present (high discount rates), or early climate damages are expected. This outcome depends on the cost and benefit function ...
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change for Canada
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change for Canada

... To date, focus has mostly been on what it would cost to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by industry and consumers. Little attention has been paid to the cost of inaction, to what economic damages could accrue to Canada and Canadians as global emissions rise and climate change plays out. ...
Public understanding of climate change and adaptation
Public understanding of climate change and adaptation

... In late 2011, the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) engaged the Discipline of Public Health at The University of Adelaide to improve knowledge of how South Australians perceived and understood the likely adverse implications arising from a changed climate, and how associa ...
PDF
PDF

... Climate policy comprises both adaptation and mitigation. Mitigation abates climate change by reducing emissions or capturing carbon. Adaptation involves adjusting behaviour and infrastructure to better fit the new climate, thereby reducing the damages from climate change or increasing the benefits o ...
PDF
PDF

... 2007, Parry et al. 2007) emphasised how an already moderate warming of 2 degrees would affect our lifestyle and produce negative, though not catastrophic, consequences. The 2 degree Celsius climate target is unlikely to be achieved (Parry 2009, Carraro and Massetti 2010) and policies of adaptation a ...
CGE training material
CGE training material

... Baseline Scenario Definitions: Examples from the Literature • International Energy Agency’s widely cited World Energy Outlook 2011 presents two: − Current Policies Scenario (“show how the future might look on the basis of the perpetuation, without change, of the government policies and measures that ...
Economic Analysis of Climate-Proofing Investment Projects
Economic Analysis of Climate-Proofing Investment Projects

... Group and the Adaptation and Land Use Working Group. We particularly wish to thank the Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department for their contribution and constructive comments on previous drafts of this report. The report also benefited from extensive discussion with Charles Rodgers (c ...
Why Uncertainty Matters - Discounting under Intertemporal Risk
Why Uncertainty Matters - Discounting under Intertemporal Risk

... investment costs and future investment payoffs. In the context of public projects, this consumption discount rate is known as the social discount rate. The U.K. and France have explicitly adapted their discounting schemes for the evaluation of legislation and long-term projects to recognize uncertai ...
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Stern Review

The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is a 700-page report released for the British government on 30 October 2006 by economist Nicholas Stern, chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics and also chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) at Leeds University and LSE. The report discusses the effect of global warming on the world economy. Although not the first economic report on climate change, it is significant as the largest and most widely known and discussed report of its kind.The Review states that climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen, presenting a unique challenge for economics. The Review provides prescriptions including environmental taxes to minimise the economic and social disruptions. The Stern Review's main conclusion is that the benefits of strong, early action on climate change far outweigh the costs of not acting. The Review points to the potential impacts of climate change on water resources, food production, health, and the environment. According to the Review, without action, the overall costs of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global gross domestic product (GDP) each year, now and forever. Including a wider range of risks and impacts could increase this to 20% of GDP or more, also indefinitely. Stern believes that 5–6 degrees of temperature increase is ""a real possibility.""The Review proposes that one percent of global GDP per annum is required to be invested to avoid the worst effects of climate change. In June 2008, Stern increased the estimate for the annual cost of achieving stabilisation between 500 and 550 ppm CO2e to 2% of GDP to account for faster than expected climate change.There has been a mixed reaction to the Stern Review from economists. Several economists have been critical of the Review, for example, a paper by Byatt et al. (2006) describes the Review as ""deeply flawed"". Some economists (such as Brad DeLong and John Quiggin) have supported the Review. Others have criticised aspects of Review's analysis, but argued that some of its conclusions might still be justified based on other grounds, e.g., see papers by Martin Weitzman (2007) and Dieter Helm (2008).
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