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Climate Change and Ozone Loss G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 18 Modified by Charlotte Kirkpatrick Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College Key Concepts  How does the Earth’s climate fluctuate  What factors affect climate  What are the possible effects of global warming  What can humans do about potential climate change  How are human activities affecting the ozone layer  What can humans do about changes in the ozone layer Past Climate Change  Past global temperatures  Recent trends in global temperatures Fig. 18-2 p. 447 The Natural Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 18-1 p. 448) Fig. 6-13 p. 128 Climate Change and Human Activities Increased use of fossil fuels Deforestation Refer to Table 18-2 p. 451 Global warming Melting icecaps and glaciers Coral reef bleaching Projecting Future Changes in Earth’s Climate  Climate models (see Spotlight p. 457)  Apparent influence of human activities  Could be natural changes Fig. 18-11 p. 455 Factors Affecting Changes in Earth’s Average Temperature  Changes in solar output  Changes in Earth’s albedo  Moderating effect of oceans  Clouds and water vapor  Air pollution Fig. 18-13 p. 457 Some Possible Effects of a Warmer World Fig. 18-16 p. 461 Solutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate Change Fig. 18-20 p. 466 Options  Do nothing  Do more research  Act now to reduce risks  No-regrets strategy Removing CO2 From the Atmosphere Tree plantation Coal power plant Tanker delivers CO2 from plant to rig Abandoned oil field CO2 is pumped down to reservoir through abandoned oil field Oil rig CO2 is pumped down from rig for Deep ocean disposal Crop field Switchgrass field Spent oil reservoir is used for CO2 deposit = CO2 deposit = CO2 pumping Fig. 18-21 p. 467 Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rio Earth Summit (1992) Kyoto Treaty (1997) Some US CO2 Reductions Refer to Fig. 18-25 p. 472 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Importance of Ozone  Terrestrial life  Reduce sunburn  Prevents tropospheric ozone Fig. 18-26 p. 473 Ozone Depleting Chemicals Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Halons Methyl bromide Carbon tetrachloride Methyl chloroform Hydrogen chloride Sources of CFCs Seasonal Thinning at the Poles Ozone thinning (hole) Polar vortex Fig. 18-30 p. 475 Reasons for Concern  Increased incidence and severity of sunburn  Increase in eye cataracts  Increased incidence of skin cancer  Immune system suppression Refer to Fig. 18-32 p. 476  Increase in acid deposition  Lower crop yields and decline in productivity Solutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer CFC substitutes (see Table 18-3 p. 477) Technofixes Montreal Protocol Fig. 18-33 p. 479

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Download ch18_lecture - La Habra High School