Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Document related concepts
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Long non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Essential gene wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Skewed X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Neocentromere wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Y chromosome wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype KEY CONCEPT The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Objectives • Students will be able to: – Relate dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance in autosomal chromosomes to genetic disorders. – Describe patterns of inheritance in sex-linked traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. • Mendel studied autosomal gene traits, like hair texture. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Mendel’s rules of inheritance apply to autosomal genetic disorders. – A heterozygote for a recessive disorder is a carrier. – Disorders caused by dominant alleles are uncommon. (dominant) 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. • Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. – Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for male characteristics. – X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Male mammals have an XY genotype. – All of a male’s sexlinked genes are expressed. – Males have no second copies of sex-linked genes. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Female mammals have an XX genotype. – Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females. – X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Review – How are dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance in autosomal chromosomes related to genetic disorders? – What are the patterns of sex-linked traits? – How are Mendel’s observations related to genes on autosomes? – Why are males more likely than females to have sex-linked genetic disorders? – How are autosomal traits, including recessive genetic disorders that are carried in a population, related to Mendel’s observations of heredity? – Describe how sex-linked genes are expressed differently in males and in females. – How might a scientist determine whether a trait is sex-linked by observing the offspring of several genetic crosses? – How is the expression of sex-linked genes both similar to and different from the expression of autosomal genes? – Scientists hypothesize that over millions of years, the Y chromosome has lost genes to the X chromosome. During what stages of meiosis might the Y chromosome have transferred genes to the X chromosome? Explain.
