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Transcript
Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Chapter 13 Learning Goals • 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps. • 2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives. Selective Breeding • We decide who breeds to select traits we want Genetic Engineering • Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism – Step 1: Genetic Manipulation – Step 2: Cell Transformation Step 1: Genetic Manipulation • Scientists use their knowledge of DNA structure to study and change DNA. – 1. DNA extraction • DNA is separated from the rest of the cell. – 2. Cutting the DNA • Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller fragments so it is easier to study/analyze. – 3. Making copies • Polymerase chain reaction is used to make many copies of a particular gene – 4. Making Recombinant DNA • Pieces of DNA from one organism are attached to the DNA of another organism Step 2: Cell Transformation • Foreign DNA is inserted into a cell – 1. Take gene and put it into a different cell • Use a bacteria plasmid or a virus to “deliver” gene to new cell – 2. New “Host” cell will follow the DNA instructions of the inserted gene – 3. Can be used to make important cell products or give organism new traits Applications of Genetic Engineering • Genetically-modified Organisms : an organism that contains some genes from another species – Useful Applications: • 1. Making medicines • 2.Genetically-modified foods • 3.Other Applications • 1. Making Medicines – Cells make important protein products that people with diseases need – EX: Insulin for Diabetes – EX: Human Growth Hormone – EX: Blood clotting factors • 2. Genetically-modified foods – – – – Produce BIGGER foods Feed more people Disease & pest resistant Frost resistant • 3. Other applications Pet “Glo” Fish Glow-in-the-Dark Bunnies & Mice Cloning • Dolly the Sheep Copy Cat: Clone your favorite dead pet! http://www.bestfriendsagain.com/order/index.html Genetic Ethics • People have strong feelings about genetic engineering. • What do you think about what you have just learned? – Turn to your partner and share one idea. Learning Goals • 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps. • 2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives.