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By Will Fyfe, Max Leal and Sasha Fenimore HUMAN GENETICS WHAT IS A GENE? A gene is a portion of DNA that makes up our bodies instruction manual. Genes decide what we look like, talk like, and other personal traits. WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? Genes come from our parents, each person receives some genes from their mom and some from their dad. So in a sense each person is just their parents combined into one person. DNA AND GENES One strand of DNA contains many genes. DNA is found in our blood, as blood runs throughout our whole body and can be seen as an easy way to distribute DNA If you pulled the DNA from a single human cell, the strand would be more than one meter long! WHAT ARE TRAITS? Traits are specific charateristics given to the offspring. There are two kinds of traits, dominant and recessive. Traits show explain why some people have brown hair while some people have blonde hair DOMINANT TRAITS A Dominant Trait is to be considered dominant because it dominates of “masks” the factor (specific characteristic) The dominant trait is represented ad a capital letter on a Punnett Square RECESSIVE TRAITS Recessive traits do not dominate the factor, they control it thus making it look different from the rest. Some traits appear in an organisms gene code but still don’t show through it’s apperance. This is due to a mutation, the sex of the organism or many other reasones. This is called a hidden ressecive. WHAT IS A PUNNETT SQUARE A Punnett spuare is a chart that shows the traits of the parents of an organism, wether they be dominant of recessive, and give the probability of that organisms gene code for that factor. It will show if it will be dominat, recessive, if it has a hidden recessive, mixed hybrid or all of the above. PUNNETT SQUARE CHROMOSOMES DNA packed into a single cell is called a chromosome Chromosomes are what your parents pass on to your DNA system. Each person has 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. This is why relatives have similar physical features. (Hair, Eyes, etc) PROTEINS Each person has 100,000 cells in their body, each has their own job in the body Proteins are the machines that make every thing work Every cell contains thousands of proteins that all contribute to the working of the cell FIN!!!!!!!!!! THANK YOU FOR WATCHING OUR SLIDE SHOW YEAHHH