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Transcript
GENETICS Basic Heredity A study of gene inheritance from one generation to the next. History of Heredity • Gregor Mendel is father of modern genetics • Mendel used pea plants to examine heredity from one generation to the next Mendel’s Laws • 1) Law of Segregation • There are two factors controlling each trait • These factors are “alleles” • The alleles separate so that gametes only get 1 of the two alleles • 2) Rule of Dominance • One allele is always dominant over the other • 3) Law of Independent Assortment Genetics Rules • Dominant alleles are written with CAPITAL letters • Having 1 dominant alleles means the trait will be expressed • Recessive alleles are written with lowercase • Must have 2 recessive alleles for the trait to be expressed Genotype vs. Phenotype • Genotype: the alleles (letters) an individual has for a gene • Phenotype: the way the genotype is expressed (looks) Geno or Pheno? • Tt • HH • Red hair • BB • Blue eyes Genotypes • Homozygous: 2 of the same alleles for a gene (TT, tt, HH, etc) • Heterozygous: 2 different alleles for a gene (Tt, Hh) Hetero or Homo? • BB • Bb • Hh • tt • dD
