* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 2014 Cellular Respiration ppt
Lactate dehydrogenase wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cellular Respiration Key Terms • • • • Aerobic Anaerobic Glycolysis NADH • Krebs Cycle • FADH2 • Fermentation Cellular Respiration • Process allows cells to harvest the energy in organic compounds (glucose). • The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration can be summarized by: C6H12O6 + 6O2 Enzymes 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ATP 2 Types of Cellular Respiration • Aerobic • Metabolic processes that require oxygen and is more efficient at producing ATP.(38 ATP) • Anaerobic • Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen and does not produce as many ATP as the aerobic stage.(2 ATP) Question: • In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place? Plants and Animals • • • • Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers. Bacteria, protists All organisms Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. GLYCOLYSIS (fist step in both types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions, producing a net result of 2 ATP and a NADH, electron carrier, molecule. This step occurs in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis cont… • Uses 2 ATP molecules but produces 4 ATP molecules, so net gain of ATP is 2. Aerobic Respiration 2a. When oxygen is present, pyruvate & NADH are used to make 36 more ATP. Takes place in the Mitochondria. The pyruvate goes thru the Kreb’s Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain to produce the ATP and give off water and carbon dioxide as a waste. Krebs Cycle • Acetyl-CoA enters a series of enzyme-assisted reactions called the Krebs Cycle. Electron Transport Chain • In aerobic respiration, electrons donated by NADH and FADH2 pass through an electron transport chain. Electron Transport Chain What happens when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to occur? The electron transport chain does not function! Anaerobic Respiration 2b. When oxygen is not present, anaerobic respiration, the pyruvate is converted by fermentation to either lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol (in yeast and some bacteria) & carbon dioxide and no more ATP are produced. Fermentation • When oxygen is not present, NAD+ is recycled in another way. • The recycling of NAD+ using an organic hydrogen acceptor is fermentation. Fermentation cont… • Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen” is present (called anaerobic). • Remember: glycolysis is part of fermentation. • Two Types: 1. Alcohol Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. 2 Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation • The threecarbon pyruvate is broken down to ethanol, a two-carbon compound, through alcoholic fermentation. Alcohol Fermentation • Plants and Fungi C C C C C C glucose 2ADP +2 P 2ATP 2NADH C C C Glycolysis 2 NAD+ beer and wine 2NADH 2 Pyruvic acid 2 NAD+ C C 2 Ethanol 2CO2 released Alcohol Fermentation • End Products: Alcohol fermentation 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 - CO2 2 - Ethanol’s Types of Fermentation: 2.Lactic Acid Fermentation • A three-carbon pyruvate is converted to a three-carbon lactate through lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Animals (pain in muscle after a workout). C C C C C C Glucose 2ADP +2 P 2ATP 2NADH C C C Glycolysis 2 NAD+ 2NADH 2 Pyruvic acid 2 NAD+ C C C 2 Lactic acid Lactic Acid Fermentation • End Products: Lactic acid fermentation 2 - ATP from glycolysis 2 - Lactic Acids Production of ATP • The total amount of ATP that a cell is able to harvest from each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis depends on the presence or absences of oxygen. Production of ATP Production of ATP Question: • In addition to glucose, what other various food molecules are use in Cellular Respiration? Catabolism of Various Food Molecules • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol’s and fatty acids 3. Proteins: amino acids