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CST Review Questions
The Chemistry of DNA and
Molecular Genetics
Question 1
The diagram below represents a portion of a nucleic
acid molecule. The part indicated by arrow X could
be
1. adenine.
2. ribose.
3. deoxyribose.
4. phosphate.
Question 2
The molecule coded
directly from DNA is
represented by number
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
Question 3
What is an example of a molecule produced by this
type of process?
1. glucose
2. glycogen
3. a fatty acid
4. a protein
Question 4
A mutation may occur in a gene as a result of the
1.
synthesis of a
spindle apparatus.
2. loss of a nucleotide.
3. loss of a nucleolus.
4. replication of
centromeres.
Question 5
Which organelle in the diagram below represents
an exception to the cell theory because it contains
genetic material and can reproduce within the cell?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
Question 6
The diagram below represents a portion of a
chromosome of a fruit fly.
What would most likely be located at area A?
1. centrioles
2. spindle fibers
3. nucleolus
4. nucleic acid
Question
Question 37
The structure and location of a cellular component is represented
in the diagram below. The polymer in the diagram most likely
contains
1. adenosine triphosphate.
2. lipids.
3. genes.
4. hydrolytic enzymes.
Question
Question 38
Which processes occur in the nucleus?
1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 3 and 4
4. 4 and 5
Question 9
Process 1 is known as
1. replication
2. mutation
3. nondisjunction
4. translocation
Question 10
What is the product of process 3?
1. a strand of DNA
2. two complementary strands of DNA
3. a strand of RNA
4. a chain of amino acids
Question 11
If an adenine nucleotide is deleted from a nucleotide
sequence in a DNA molecule, the result is a
1. clone
2. mutation
3. polypeptide
4. hybrid
Question 12
One strand of DNA could be as long as a
football field if it were stretched out
lengthwise. One of the factors allowing DNA
to fit inside the nucleus of a cell is its ability
to
1. break apart into separate genes.
2. extend to form very long, thin
molecules.
3. coil tightly around associated proteins.
4. denature from the effect of an enzyme.
Question 13
In an experiment, the height of several plants
was recorded daily in millimeters. Which tool
would be the most accurate and appropriate
for this measurement?
1. Digital scale
2. Graduated cylinder
3. Yardstick
4. Metric ruler
Question 14
The diagram below shows a strand 3 of DNA matched to a strand
of messenger RNA. What process does this diagram
represent?
1. mutation
2. respiration
3. transcription
4. translation
Question 15
Why is the particular sequence of bases in a
segment of DNA important to cells?
1. Some base sequences code for
protein production.
2. Some base sequences cause the
release of lipids from the nucleus.
3. Some base sequences contain the
order of sugars in polysaccharides.
4. Some base sequences produce
electrical signals sent to the
cytoplasm.
Question 16
A rare genetic condition causes 30 dwarfism
and immunodefi ciencies. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this
condition?
1. a parasitic infection
2. a mutation in DNA
3. a bacterial disease
4. an excess of ATP
Question 17
The weakest bonds in a double-stranded
molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid exist
between the
1. deoxyribose sugars.
2. phosphate groups.
3. nitrogenous bases.
4. 5-carbon sugars.
Question 18
The types of enzymes produced in a cell
are regulated by the
1. order of nucleotides in DNA
molecules.
2. shape of DNA molecules.
3. size of nucleotides in DNA
molecules.
4. location of DNA molecules.
Question 19
Molecules C, D, and E
will combine to form
part of
1. a polypeptide.
2. a polysaccharide.
3. DNA.
4. RNA.
Question 20
Structure B represents a
molecule of
1. nuclear DNA.
2. cytoplasmic DNA.
3. ribosomal RNA.
4. transfer RNA.
Question 21
How many codons are
located on the messenger
RNA molecule in the
diagram?
1. 1
2. 6
3. 3
4. 9
Question 22
The type of molecule
represented at A is
synthesized according
to a template found in
1. DNA.
2. RNA.
3. dipeptides.
4. amino acids.
Question 23
One similarity between DNA and
messenger RNA molecules is
that they both contain
1. the same sugar.
2. genetic codes based on
sequences of bases.
3. a nitrogenous base
known as uracil.
4. double-stranded
polymers.
Question 24
DNA replicates through a process called
1.
2.
3.
4.
dispersive replication.
semidisperive replication.
conservative replication.
semiconservative replication.
Question 25
When DNA replication occurs, the enzyme
which separates the two sides of the
helix is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA polymerase.
DNA amylase.
DNA ligase.
DNA helicase.
Question 26
The enzyme which bonds new
nitrogenous bases to those existing
on the original DNA strand is called
1. DNA polymerase.
2. DNA amylase.
3. DNA ligase.
4. DNA helicase.
Question 27
Okazaki fragments are formed because
1. DNA polymerase can only create a new strand of
DNA from the 5' end to the 3' end.
2. DNA polymerase can only create a new strand of
DNA from the 3' end to the 5' end.
3. newly formed DNA tends to break apart easily
into fragments.
4. DNA helicase sometimes inadvertently breaks the
DNA.
Question 28
One important difference between DNA replication in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
1. prokaryotes do not use enzymes in the
replication process
2. there is only one replication origin in
prokaryotes
3. there are no Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes
4. replication is conservative, not
semiconservative, in prokaryotes
Question 29
Which of the following must happen first in
order for DNA replication to occur?
1. DNA polymerase binds to the leading
strand
2. DNA is unwound
3. Hydrogen bonds form between bases
4. Chromosomes condense
Question 30
A nucleotide consists of
1. a nitrogen base.
2. a nitrogen base and a sugar.
3. a nitrogen base, sugar, and
phosphate.
4. two nitrogen bases, a sugar, and a
phosphate.
Question 31
The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made
of
1.
2.
3.
4.
phosphates & bases.
sugars.
sugars & phosphates.
bases.
Question 32
A DNA strand has the following bases:
A A G C C A.
What are the bases on its complimentary
strand?
1.
2.
3.
4.
AAG C CA
AC C GAA
TTCGGT
CCATTC
Question 33
When onion cells are observed with a
compound light microscope, which
laboratory technique is used to make the
nucleus more visible?
1. centrifugation
2. chromatography
3. microdissection
4. staining
Question 34
A student is investigating the internal organs
of an earthworm. Which piece of equipment
should the student use to move the intestine
aside without damaging it?
1. a glass slide
2. a metric ruler
3. a dissecting needle
4. a dropping pipette
Question 35
3
Question
What is the volume of water in the graduated
cylinder shown below?
1. 10.3 mL
2. 13.0 mL
3. 13.5 mL
4. 14.0 mL
Question 36
3
Question
Which piece of laboratory equipment should a student
use to remove the legs of a preserved grasshopper
for further study?