Download Cell Cycle

Activities of the Cell
I. Cell Factory
II. Cell Energy
III. Cell Cycle
I. The Cell Factory:
Protein Production, From
Start to Finish
=
?
DNA  genetic traits
1. Transcription of DNA
DNA
T A
mRNA
C T
T C G T A C
A U G A A G
C A U G
T G
A C
2. Translation of mRNA to protein
tRNA with amino acid
anticodon
U A C
A U G A A G
mRNA
codon
U UC
G UA
C A U G
A C
C UG
C U G
G U A
U U C
U A C
A U G A A G C A U G A
C
C U G
G U A
U A C U U C
A U G A A G C A U G A
C
C U G
U U C G U A
A U G A A G C A U G A
C
G
U A
C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A
C
Note: Translation occurs at the
ribosomes of the rough ER
amino acid chart
LEUCINE - LYSINE - HISTIDINE - ASPARTIC ACID
UUG-
AAG -
CAU
-
GAC
• Gene expression
transcription
gene
translation
 mRNA 
protein
(amino
acid
chain)
II. How Does a Cell
Obtain Energy From
“Food?”
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
glucose
+
6 O2
6 CO2
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
+
6 H2O
water
+
36 ATP
energy!
A) Aerobic respiration - the
process that releases energy
(ATP) by breaking down
glucose, in the presence of
oxygen
occurs at rest, or . . .
when you are bringing it! 
• occurs along the cristae of the
mitochondria
• two stages:
 Kreb’s cycle
 electron transport chain
Cellular Respiration
Starts with . . .
B) Anaerobic respiration produces ATP by breaking
down glucose without oxygen
lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore
muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles,
kimchi)
Energy Tally
• Anaerobic = 2 ATP
• Aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Electron Transport
2 ATP
2 ATP
32 ATP
+36 ATP
III. What Are the
Stages in the Life of a
Cell?
Cell Cycle
G1 cell growth
S DNA replicates
G2 preparation for cell division
A Typical Cell
cell membrane
nucleus
(w/ nuclear membrane)
DNA
(genetic instructions)
during G1
DNA is in chromatin
form (“loose” threads)
before cell division
before cell division
DNA is replicated and
forms chromosomes
Cell Cycle
 Starts here
Cell Cycle
Cell division
• 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes
separate)
•Prophase
•Metaphase
•Anaphase
•Telophase
• Cytokinesis (cell splits)
Stages of Mitosis
cytokinesis
telophase
early
prophase
late
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
Where should you look in an
organism to find mitosis?